Technical description of the global VLBI solution cgs2013a.trf Analysis Centre: Space Geodesy Center (CGS) - Matera, Italy Purpose of solution: estimate global TRF and CRF 1. Input data: - Origin: CALC/SOLVE databases from IVS Data Center, version 4 or more. - Data span: 19840104 - 20121227 (4356 sessions) 2. Authentic processing steps after data retrieval: reCalc to Calc version 10.02. 3. Origin of meteorological data: database content. 4. Setting of mapping functions: VMF1. 5. Origin of cable cal data: database content. 6. Application of cable cal flags: database settings. 7. Selection/settings of geophysical models: replace database settings. 7.1 A priori Earth orientation: a. precession/nutation model: IAU2000A Precession-Nutation, IERS 2003 implementation, modified using the IAU2006 precession model. b. short-period tidal variations in EOP applied as recommended in the IERS 2003 Conventions. c. EOP from IERS eopc04. d. Source positions: - a priori coordinates from ICRF2 - Definition of the orientation: no-net-rotation w.r.t. ICRF2 using 263 sources, from 295 defining sources of the ICRF2 (Appendix A). 7.2 A priori geophysical models: a. Solid Earth tide: IERS 2003 Conventions b. Ocean loading: FES2004 computed by H. G. Scherneck. c. Pole tides: IERS 2003 Conventions d. Atmospheric loading: atmospheric pressure loading time series provided by GSFC (Petrov & Boy 2004, available at http://lacerta.gsfc.nasa.gov/aplo). e. Antenna thermal deformation: model of A.Nothnagel 2008 f. Antenna axis offsets were taken from the official IVS list. e. Stations: - A priori positions and velocities from VTRF2008a - Definition of the origin and orientation: No net positions adjustment condition in translation and rotation w.r.t. VTRF2008 for 35 stations (Appendix B). - Constraints for time evolution: No net velocity adjustment condition in translation and rotation w.r.t. VTRF2008 velocity field, for the same 35 stations (Appendix B). 8. Parameterization: a. Earth Orientation: X-pole, Y-pole, UT1-TAI, Xdot, Ydot, UT1dot, X-nutation and Y-nutation for each session. b. Baseline Clocks: database content. c. Source positions: Right ascension and declination as global parameters for 777 sources (Appendix C) and as local parameters for 2307 sources (Appendix D). d. Station positions: - Coordinates and velocities for 59 stations as global parameters (Appendix E) and as local parameters for 74 stations (Appendix F). - Reference epoch: 2000.0 - The velocities of the following pairs of stations are constrained to be the same. TIGOWTZL WETTZELL Discontinuous positions are estimated for the following stations. site epoch DSS15 920627 DSS65 970415 EFLSBERG 961001 GGAO7108 030101 KASHIM11 110311 KASHIM34 080614 KOGANEI 110311 MEDICINA 960701 MK-VLBA 061015 MOJAVE12 920627 SVETLOE 060701 TIGOCONC 100227 TIGOCONC 110212 TSUKUB32 990501 ZELENCHK 070701 8.1 Station clocks: second order polynomial plus a continuous piecewise linear function with 60 min interval and rate constraint of 5.0E-14. 8.2 Atmosphere: a. wet zenith tropospheric delays as 20 min piecewise continuous linear function, with rate constraints of 50 psec/hr b. Troposphere Gradient: 6 hours east and north piecewise continuous linear function at all stations. Offset constraint 0.5 mm and rate constraint 2.0 mm/day 9. Outlier elimination: database settings. d - Others: - station clocks: second order polynomial plus a continuous piecewise linear function with 60 min interval and rate constraint of 5.0E-14. - wet zenith tropospheric delays as 60 min piecewise continuous linear function, with rate constraints of 50 psec/hr - troposphere gradients: 6 hours east and north piecewise continuous linear function, at all stations, except a set of 75 stations (Appendix G) offset constraint 0.5 mm and rate constraint 2.0 mm/day - antenna axis offsets estimated for 133 stations (Appendix H) as global parameters. 10. Further details 10.1. Data type: group delays. 10.2. Data editing: 5 degree elevation cutoff. 10.3. Data weighting: weights are defined as follows: 1/sqrt ( f**2 + a**2 ) where "f" is the formal uncertainty of the ionosphere free linear combination of group delays at X- and S-band obtained by fringe fitting on the base of achieved signal to noise ratio. Station-dependent parameter "a" was computed for each session by an iterative procedure such that the ratio of the sum of squares of the weighted residuals to the estimate of their mathematical expectation is about unity. 10.4. Standard errors reported: all errors are derived from least-squares estimation propagated from the data weights and the constraints applied to the troposphere, clock and EOP parameters. . Software used: CALC Version: 10.02 SOLVE release: 2010.05.21 SOLVE revision: 2010.05.21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Appendix B. List of 263 sources used for the no-net-rotation CRF condition: 0002-478 0008-264 0010+405 0013-005 0016+731 0019+058 0035+413 0048-097 0048-427 0059+581 0104-408 0109+224 0110+495 0116-219 0119+115 0133+476 0134+311 0138-097 0151+474 0159+723 0202+319 0215+015 0221+067 0229+131 0234+285 0234-301 0237-027 0300+470 0302+625 0302-623 0306+102 0307+380 0308-611 0309+411 0322+222 0332-403 0342+147 0346-279 0358+210 0402-362 0403-132 0405-385 0414-189 0420-014 0422+004 0426+273 0430+289 0437-454 0440+345 0446+112 0454+844 0454-234 0454-810 0458+138 0458-020 0506+101 0506-612 0507+179 0515+208 0516-621 0524+034 0524-460 0529+483 0534-340 0536+145 0537-286 0537-441 0544+273 0549-575 0552+398 0556+238 0600+177 0642+449 0646-306 0648-165 0656+082 0657+172 0707+476 0716+714 0718+793 0722+145 0727-115 0736+017 0738+491 0743+259 0743-006 0745+241 0748+126 0759+183 0800+618 0804+499 0805+046 0805+410 0808+019 0812+367 0814+425 0823+033 0827+243 0834-201 0854-108 0912+029 0920+390 0920-397 0925-203 0949+354 0954+658 0955+326 0955+476 1004-500 1012+232 1013+054 1014+615 1015+359 1022+194 1030+074 1030+415 1034-293 1034-374 1038+52A 1039+811 1042+071 1045-188 1049+215 1053+815 1055+018 1101+384 1101-536 1111+149 1123+264 1124-186 1128+385 1130+009 1133-032 1144+402 1144-379 1145-071 1147+245 1149-084 1156+295 1213-172 1215+303 1219+044 1221+809 1226+373 1236+077 1240+381 1243-072 1244-255 1251-713 1252+119 1300+580 1308+328 1313-333 1324+224 1334-127 1342+662 1342+663 1349-439 1351-018 1354-152 1357+769 1406-076 1417+385 1418+546 1423+146 1424-418 1432+200 1443-162 1451-400 1456+044 1459+480 1502+036 1502+106 1504+377 1508+572 1510-089 1511-100 1514+197 1519-273 1520+437 1546+027 1548+056 1555+001 1557+032 1604-333 1606+106 1614+051 1617+229 1622-253 1637+574 1639+230 1642+690 1657-261 1705+018 1706-174 1717+178 1726+455 1732+389 1738+476 1738+499 1741-038 1743+173 1745+624 1749+096 1751+288 1754+155 1758+388 1800+440 1803+784 1806-458 1815-553 1823+568 1823+689 1831-711 1842+681 1846+322 1849+670 1908-201 1920-211 1921-293 1929+226 1933-400 1936-155 1954+513 1954-388 1958-179 2000+472 2008-159 2029+121 2052-474 2059+034 2106+143 2106-413 2113+293 2126-158 2131-021 2136+141 2150+173 2204-540 2209+236 2220-351 2227-088 2229+695 2232-488 2244-372 2245-328 2250+194 2254+074 2255-282 2300-683 2318+049 2326-477 2333-415 2351-154 2355-106 2355-534 2356+385 2357-318 3C446 IIIZW2 NRAO512 NRAO530 OJ287 Appendix C. List of 35 stations used for: - no-net-traslation and no-net-rotation of position - no-net-traslation and no-net-rotation of velocity ALGOPARK BR-VLBA DSS45 FD-VLBA FORTLEZA HARTRAO HATCREEK HN-VLBA HOBART26 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOKEE KP-VLBA LA-VLBA MATERA MK-VLBA NL-VLBA NOTO NRAO20 NRAO85_3 NYALES20 ONSALA60 OV-VLBA OVRO_130 PIETOWN RICHMOND SANTIA12 SC-VLBA SESHAN25 SVETLOE TSUKUB32 VNDNBERG WESTFORD WETTZELL Appendix D. List of 777 sources estimated as global parameters: 0001-120 0002+200 0002-478 0003+380 0003-066 0007+171 0008-264 0010+405 0013-005 0014+813 0016+731 0017+200 0019+058 0021+243 0024+224 0025+197 0026+346 0035+413 0035-252 0037+139 0039+230 0046+511 0047+023 0048-097 0048-427 0054+161 0055-059 0056-001 0059+581 0104-408 0106+013 0108+388 0109+224 0110+495 0111+021 0112-017 0113-118 0115-214 0116-219 0118-272 0119+041 0119+115 0123+257 0127+084 0127+145 0130-171 0133+476 0134+311 0135-247 0136+176 0136-059 0138-097 0144+584 0146+056 0148+274 0149+218 0150-334 0151+474 0153+744 0159+723 0201+113 0202+149 0202+319 0202-172 0203+625 0206+136 0208-512 0212+735 0215+015 0219+428 0220-349 0221+067 0227-369 0229+131 0229+230 0234+285 0234-301 0235+164 0237+040 0237-027 0237-233 0239+108 0239+175 0248+430 0253+133 0256+075 0256-005 0259+121 0300+470 0302+625 0302-623 0306+102 0307+380 0308-611 0309+411 0317+188 0319+121 0319+396 0322+222 0326+278 0327+467 0332+078 0332-403 0338-214 0340+362 0341+158 0342+147 0342+538 0345+460 0346-279 0347-211 0352+605 0354+231 0358+210 0400+258 0400-319 0402-362 0403-132 0403-179 0405+305 0405-123 0405-385 0406+121 0406-127 0409+229 0414-189 0415+379 0415+398 0420+022 0420+417 0420-014 0422+004 0422-380 0423+051 0423+233 0425+048 0425+174 0426+273 0426-380 0430+289 0434-188 0436-129 0437-454 0438-436 0440+345 0442+389 0444+634 0446+112 0451-282 0454+844 0454-234 0454-810 0457+024 0458+138 0458-020 0459+060 0459+135 0500+019 0502+049 0506+101 0506-612 0507+179 0508+138 0509+152 0511-220 0515+208 0516-621 0521-262 0521-365 0524+034 0524-460 0528+134 0528-250 0529+483 0530-727 0534-340 0536+145 0537-158 0537-286 0537-441 0539-057 0544+273 0547+234 0548+378 0549-575 0552+398 0554+242 0556+238 0600+177 0601+245 0602+405 0602+673 0604-074 0605-085 0606-223 0607-157 0609+607 0610+260 0611+131 0613+570 0615+820 0620+389 0627-199 0629+160 0629-418 0632-235 0636+680 0637-337 0637-752 0641+392 0642+449 0646-306 0648-165 0650+371 0651+410 0656+082 0657+172 0700-197 0707+476 0710+439 0711+356 0714+457 0716+714 0718+793 0722+145 0723+219 0723-008 0723-189 0725+219 0727-115 0728+249 0729+259 0730+504 0733-174 0735+178 0736+017 0738+313 0738+491 0742+103 0743+259 0743+277 0743-006 0745+241 0747+185 0748+126 0749+540 0754+100 0759+183 0800+618 0804+499 0805+046 0805+410 0805-077 0808+019 0812+367 0814+425 0818-128 0820+560 0821+394 0821+621 0822+137 0823+033 0823-223 0826-373 0827+243 0828+493 0829+046 0831+557 0833+585 0834+250 0834-201 0836+182 0836+710 0839+187 0847-120 0850+581 0854+213 0854-108 0859+470 0859-140 0906+015 0912+029 0912+297 0917+449 0917+624 0919-260 0920+390 0920-397 0925-203 0943+105 0945+408 0949+354 0951+268 0952+179 0954+658 0955+326 0955+476 0955+509 0958+346 1004+141 1004-217 1004-500 1011+250 1012+232 1013+054 1013+127 1013+208 1014+615 1015+057 1015+359 1016-311 1020+400 1021-006 1022+194 1023+131 1027-186 1030+074 1030+415 1032-199 1034-293 1034-374 1036+054 1038+064 1038+52A 1039+811 1040+244 1042+071 1043+066 1044+719 1045-188 1048-313 1049+215 1053+704 1053+815 1055+018 1055+201 1056+212 1057-797 1059+282 1100+122 1101+384 1101-325 1101-536 1104-445 1111+149 1116+128 1119+183 1121+238 1123+264 1124-186 1125+366 1125+596 1127-145 1128+385 1128-047 1130+009 1133-032 1142+052 1143-245 1144+402 1144-379 1145+268 1145-071 1147+245 1148-001 1149-084 1150+497 1150+812 1155+169 1155+251 1156+295 1156-094 1204+124 1206-238 1212+171 1213+350 1213-172 1215+303 1216+487 1217+023 1219+044 1219+285 1221+809 1222+037 1222+216 1226+373 1226-028 1236+077 1237-101 1239+376 1240+381 1243-072 1243-160 1244-255 1251-713 1252+119 1255-177 1255-316 1257+145 1300+580 1300-105 1302-102 1306+360 1307+121 1308+326 1308+328 1308+554 1313-333 1318+225 1318-263 1322+835 1324+224 1327+504 1330+476 1331+170 1334-127 1336-260 1338+381 1339-287 1342+662 1342+663 1345+125 1347+539 1348+308 1349-439 1351-018 1352-104 1354+195 1354-152 1354-174 1357+769 1402+044 1402-012 1406-076 1406-267 1409+218 1412-368 1413+135 1413+349 1416+067 1417+273 1417+385 1418+546 1420+326 1423+146 1424+240 1424+366 1424-418 1427+543 1428+370 1428+422 1430-178 1432+200 1433+304 1434+235 1435+638 1435-218 1441+252 1443-162 1444+175 1445-161 1448+762 1451-375 1451-400 1456+044 1459+480 1502+036 1502+106 1504+377 1504-166 1508+572 1508-055 1510-089 1511-100 1514+197 1514-241 1519-273 1519-294 1520+319 1520+437 1522+155 1532+016 1538+149 1546+027 1547+507 1548+056 1550-242 1550-269 1551+130 1555+001 1555-140 1556-245 1557+032 1600+335 1601+112 1602-115 1604-333 1606+106 1608+243 1610-771 1611+343 1614+051 1615+029 1616+063 1617+229 1621-067 1622-253 1622-297 1623+578 1624+416 1633+38 1634+213 1635-035 1636+473 1637+574 1639+230 1639-062 1642+690 1645+224 1647-296 1651+391 1655+077 1656+053 1656+348 1656+477 1656-075 1657-261 1659+399 1705+018 1705+135 1705+456 1706-174 1717+178 1722+330 1725+044 1725+123 1726+455 1727+502 1732+389 1734+363 1734+508 1736+324 1737-081 1738+476 1738+499 1739+522 1741-038 1743+173 1745+624 1746+470 1749+096 1749+701 1750-187 1751+288 1751+441 1754+155 1754+159 1756+237 1758+388 1759-396 1800+440 1803+784 1806+456 1806-458 1815-553 1816-029 1817-254 1821+107 1822-076 1823+568 1823+689 1825-041 1826+796 1829-207 1830+139 1830+285 1831-711 1842+681 1846+322 1849+670 1853-122 1856+736 1905+222 1908-201 1909+161 1910+052 1918-026 1920-211 1921-293 1922+155 1922-224 1923+210 1926+087 1927+256 1928+154 1928+738 1929+226 1932+204 1933-400 1936+714 1936-155 1937-101 1943+228 1948+505 1951+355 1954+513 1954-388 1955+335 1958-179 2000+148 2000+472 2000-330 2005+403 2005+642 2005-489 2007+777 2008-159 2013+163 2017+743 2021+317 2021+614 2022+171 2023+336 2029+121 2030+547 2037-253 2043+156 2051+745 2052-474 2053-044 2058-297 2059+034 2106+143 2106-413 2112+283 2113+293 2121+053 2121+460 2126-158 2127-096 2128+048 2128-123 2131-021 2134+00 2136+141 2140-048 2141+175 2142+110 2143-156 2144+092 2145+067 2149+056 2149-306 2150+173 2152+226 2155+312 2155-152 2155-304 2159+505 2201+171 2201+315 2203+292 2204-540 2205+166 2208-137 2209+236 2210-257 2214+350 2215+020 2215+150 2216+178 2216-038 2220-351 2223+210 2227-088 2229+695 2232-488 2233-148 2234+282 2235+731 2236+678 2243+047 2243-123 2244-372 2245-328 2246+208 2250+194 2252-089 2253+417 2254+024 2254+074 2255-282 2300-683 2302+232 2307+106 2309+454 2312-319 2316+238 2318+049 2319+272 2319+317 2319+444 2320+506 2320-035 2321-375 2324+151 2325-150 2326-477 2328+107 2329-162 2329-384 2331-240 2333-415 2335-027 2336+598 2337+264 2340+233 2344+09A 2345-167 2351+456 2351-154 2352+495 2355-106 2355-534 2356+196 2356+385 2357-318 2358+189 3C120 3C138 3C147 3C166 3C245 3C273B 3C274 3C279 3C286 3C309.1 3C345 3C371 3C390.3 3C395 3C418 3C446 3C454.3 3C84 4C39.25 4C67.05 CL4 CTA102 CTA26 CTD93 DA426 IIIZW2 M81 M84 MRK180 NGC0262 NGC0315 NGC1052 NGC1218 NGC3862 NGC3894 NGC6251 NGC6454 NRAO140 NRAO150 NRAO190 NRAO512 NRAO530 OJ287 OK290 OP326 OQ172 OQ208 OW-015 VR422201 Appendix E. List of 2307 sources estimated as local parameters: 0000+212 0000-197 0002+051 0002+541 0002-170 0003+340 0003-302 0004+240 0005+114 0005+568 0005+683 0005-239 0005-262 0006+061 0006+397 0006-363 0008+704 0008-222 0008-421 0009+081 0009+467 0009+655 0009-148 0010+336 0010-401 0011+189 0011-046 0012+319 0012-184 0015+529 0015-054 0015-280 0017+257 0017-307 0018+715 0018+729 0021+464 0021-084 0022+390 0022-044 0022-423 0023-263 0024+092 0024+597 0024-114 0026+048 0026-015 0027+056 0027+703 0027-024 0027-426 0028-396 0029-147 0032+276 0032+612 0033-088 0034+078 0034+108 0035+121 0035+238 0035+367 0035+503 0035-024 0035-037 0036-191 0036-216 0037-329 0038+319 0038-020 0038-326 0039+568 0041+677 0042+186 0043+246 0043-268 0043-392 0044+387 0044+566 0045+243 0046+063 0046+861 0046-315 0047-051 0047-579 0048-071 0049+437 0050-287 0051+706 0052-125 0052-201 0054-006 0055+060 0055+329 0055-328 0055-340 0056+579 0056-572 0057+334 0057+678 0057-338 0058+498 0059+163 0059-287 0100-270 0102+511 0102-245 0103+127 0103+253 0103+337 0103-021 0104+195 0104-035 0104-275 0105+259 0105-008 0106+612 0106+678 0107-045 0107-610 0108-079 0108-170 0109+351 0109-135 0110+318 0110-361 0110-668 0111+131 0112-245 0113+241 0113-283 0113-310 0114+140 0114-211 0116+082 0116+319 0118-283 0119+247 0119+296 0120+259 0120+304 0121+560 0121-096 0122+278 0122+470 0122-003 0122-260 0122-345 0122-514 0123+731 0123-226 0124-086 0124-155 0125+487 0125+628 0129+431 0129+560 0130+691 0130-447 0131-001 0131-522 0132-389 0133-204 0135-274 0136-231 0137+012 0137+467 0137+635 0137-158 0140+120 0140+412 0140-322 0141+268 0142-278 0142-398 0143+230 0144+209 0145+386 0145+420 0147+187 0147-076 0148+250 0148-177 0149+335 0149+370 0149+710 0149-175 0150+000 0150-144 0151+081 0153+222 0153-410 0154-000 0156+128 0156-144 0157+808 0158+031 0158-141 0158-159 0159+034 0159+418 0159+870 0200+304 0200+30A 0200+539 0201+088 0201+365 0201+398 0201+438 0202+145 0202+240 0203-120 0203-349 0204+316 0204-224 0205-010 0206+293 0206-048 0206-178 0206-270 0207-078 0207-149 0209+168 0209-162 0210+181 0210+515 0210-075 0210-180 0211+171 0212-620 0213+443 0213-013 0213-015 0213-026 0214+083 0214-085 0214-105 0215-015 0215-167 0216+011 0216+472 0216+478 0217+166 0217+324 0217-189 0218-133 0218-220 0219-164 0221-171 0222+185 0222+296 0223+113 0223+341 0224+498 0224+540 0224-189 0225+419 0225-306 0226-038 0226-375 0227+403 0228-163 0229+262 0229-398 0230+344 0230-288 0230-790 0234+469 0235-266 0235-618 0237+185 0238-052 0240-060 0240-217 0241+622 0242+131 0242+238 0242-113 0244+327 0244-128 0244-297 0244-452 0245+043 0245-167 0246+061 0248+560 0248-266 0249+383 0250+178 0250+320 0250+508 0250-001 0250-225 0251+235 0251+393 0251+785 0252+657 0252-549 0253-218 0254+185 0254+434 0254-334 0255+288 0255-124 0256+192 0256+423 0256-256 0256-393 0257-057 0258+011 0258-170 0258-184 0259-316 0301+336 0301-243 0302+173 0302-437 0306-061 0310+022 0312+100 0312-770 0313-171 0314+565 0314+696 0315-006 0316-164 0316-444 0317+659 0318+438 0318-172 0318-388 0319-056 0319-315 0321+340 0321+467 0322-294 0323-244 0325+256 0325+395 0325-182 0325-222 0327+364 0327-241 0329+654 0329-110 0329-255 0329-404 0331+022 0332-375 0333-073 0334+014 0334-131 0334-546 0335+599 0335-122 0335-364 0336+473 0336-017 0338+480 0338-030 0339+683 0340-140 0341-256 0344+199 0344+235 0344+558 0345+416 0346+209 0346+514 0346+800 0346-163 0348-031 0348-120 0348-326 0350+465 0350-253 0352-164 0354+599 0355+055 0355-079 0356+278 0357+057 0357-263 0358+040 0358-162 0359-151 0359-294 0402+379 0403+064 0403+768 0404+075 0404-240 0405-015 0406+065 0406-056 0407-658 0409+000 0409+188 0409+527 0409-280 0410+110 0411+054 0411+341 0411-063 0412+447 0413-210 0417-302 0418+532 0418-151 0419-068 0420+210 0421+019 0421+023 0421+145 0421+683 0422+079 0422-389 0423+237 0423+297 0424+328 0425-071 0426+332 0429+174 0430-163 0430-332 0431-512 0432+254 0432-148 0433+295 0435+217 0435-300 0436+052 0436-089 0436-203 0437-303 0439-337 0440-285 0441+106 0442+071 0446+113 0446+178 0446+462 0446-096 0446-212 0447+408 0447-010 0448-187 0448-392 0449+125 0450+013 0452+068 0454+039 0454+066 0454+550 0454-220 0454-463 0456+060 0456+310 0456+428 0456+714 0459+387 0459+415 0459-139 0500+339 0500+443 0500-357 0501-067 0501-215 0502-152 0503+216 0503+466 0503+608 0503-043 0503-163 0503-608 0506+056 0508+264 0509+011 0509+205 0509+293 0509+406 0510+559 0511+009 0512-205 0513+455 0514+074 0514+109 0514+330 0514+474 0514-156 0514-161 0514-459 0515+067 0515-053 0515-179 0516+087 0517-726 0518+211 0518+600 0519+011 0519+142 0519-176 0520-165 0521-403 0522-283 0522-611 0523-236 0524-485 0525-100 0526+373 0527-053 0527-253 0529+075 0529-031 0530-388 0531+194 0531-397 0532+506 0532+826 0532-378 0533+446 0534+510 0534-201 0534-611 0537+251 0537+531 0537+558 0538+474 0540+456 0540+529 0540-092 0540-270 0542+112 0542-227 0544+123 0546+726 0547-278 0548+084 0548+689 0549+192 0549-191 0550+032 0550+356 0551-086 0552+393 0554+580 0555+378 0556-009 0557-182 0557-454 0559+422 0600+219 0600+299 0600+442 0601+578 0601-172 0602+096 0602+109 0602-424 0603+476 0603-353 0604+728 0604-004 0605-153 0605-247 0606-272 0606-387 0607+624 0608-230 0609+413 0609-284 0610+171 0610+510 0610-316 0610-436 0611+483 0612-255 0613-030 0614+463 0614+761 0614-349 0615-172 0615-365 0616+076 0616-116 0616-244 0617+210 0618+588 0618-252 0620+385 0620-011 0620-194 0621+446 0621-010 0622+147 0622-441 0625+286 0625-354 0626-280 0627+176 0628+203 0628-133 0629+320 0629-141 0630+367 0630-261 0631-223 0632+502 0632-183 0633+595 0633-211 0633-26A 0634+150 0634+334 0634-057 0635-296 0635-355 0637-216 0638+528 0639+098 0639+115 0639+352 0639-032 0640+074 0640+090 0641+292 0641-135 0642-349 0643+057 0643+307 0644+491 0644-390 0645+209 0645+858 0645-160 0646+563 0646+600 0646-176 0647+040 0647-475 0648-086 0648-287 0649-209 0650+052 0650+507 0650-063 0653+322 0653-033 0653-242 0654+244 0656-062 0657-276 0658+548 0659+268 0700+470 0700-007 0700-101 0700-286 0700-465 0702+400 0702+612 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0811-179 0812+020 0812+100 0812-252 0813+557 0814+240 0814+326 0814-029 0815+326 0815-094 0816+279 0817-063 0819+408 0819-032 0820+225 0820+296 0821+248 0821-094 0821-182 0822+086 0822-152 0823-321 0823-500 0824+355 0824+524 0826+180 0828-222 0829+089 0829+108 0829+187 0830+040 0830+115 0830+160 0830+425 0830+605 0830+687 0833+010 0833+276 0833+416 0834-223 0835-339 0836+290 0836+426 0836-384 0837+012 0837+035 0837+448 0838+133 0839+458 0839+687 0839-314 0840+424 0841+386 0842+048 0842-375 0843-259 0843-336 0843-371 0844+387 0844+463 0844-177 0844-259 0844-342 0845-051 0845-068 0847+379 0847-354 0848+089 0849+287 0850+625 0850-152 0851+071 0851+075 0852-254 0855+142 0855+143 0855-196 0857+413 0857-329 0858+542 0858-125 0858-279 0858-313 0859+433 0859+681 0900+428 0900+520 0900-171 0901-310 0902+290 0902+468 0902+490 0902-256 0902-309 0902-350 0903+684 0904-201 0905+420 0905-202 0906+087 0906+163 0906+430 0906-048 0907+022 0907-023 0908+201 0908+340 0909+445 0910-276 0911+354 0913+003 0913+079 0913+391 0913+657 0913+786 0913-042 0915-118 0915-135 0915-213 0916+336 0916+718 0916+864 0918-363 0919-052 0920+284 0920+416 0921+454 0921-213 0922+005 0922+316 0922+407 0922-202 0923+171 0923+575 0925+449 0925+504 0926-039 0926-306 0927+352 0927+469 0928+008 0928+144 0928+280 0928+653 0928-100 0929+533 0930+396 0930+493 0930-080 0930-338 0931-114 0932+075 0932+094 0932+197 0932+243 0932-194 0933+503 0933-333 0936+419 0936-069 0936-853 0937+262 0938-133 0939-077 0940+172 0941+522 0941-080 0942+358 0942+468 0942+505 0944-201 0945-287 0945-321 0947+064 0949+510 0950+748 0951+175 0951+488 0952+581 0954-135 0956-359 0956-409 0958+294 0958-314 0959+105 0959+127 0959-443 1000+125 1001+329 1004+054 1004-018 1004-125 1005+066 1005-333 1006-093 1007+066 1007+337 1008-017 1008-285 1009+234 1009-041 1010+350 1010+495 1010-255 1010-374 1011+496 1012-448 1013+014 1015-314 1016-268 1017+436 1018+348 1019+309 1019+416 1019+429 1020+191 1020-097 1020-103 1021-323 1022+237 1022-665 1023+747 1023-049 1024+483 1025+031 1025+242 1026-084 1027+749 1028+605 1029-137 1029-222 1030+398 1030+611 1032+509 1033+223 1034+288 1034-058 1035+046 1035+430 1035-268 1035-281 1036-431 1036-529 1038+212 1038+52B 1041+536 1042+178 1043+541 1044+007 1044-128 1045+011 1046-222 1046-409 1047+147 1048+347 1048+470 1054+004 1054-234 1055+433 1055+567 1055-028 1055-242 1055-248 1055-301 1056-113 1058+393 1058+629 1058+726 1059+599 1059-438 1100+223 1100+305 1100+798 1101+609 1102-242 1102-392 1103+023 1103+284 1104+167 1104+525 1104+728 1105+437 1106+084 1107+443 1107+485 1107+607 1107-187 1108+201 1109+076 1109-567 1110-217 1110-355 1112-080 1113+087 1113-307 1115-122 1115-306 1116-462 1117+044 1117+146 1117-124 1117-248 1117-270 1118-056 1118-140 1119-069 1119-252 1120-274 1121+234 1121-147 1124+067 1124+455 1124-073 1124-382 1125+213 1126+109 1127-358 1127-368 1128+090 1128+308 1129-161 1129-580 1131+730 1131-088 1133+344 1133-041 1135+480 1136+408 1136+771 1136-135 1136-156 1137-272 1138+644 1139+160 1140+188 1140+668 1141+011 1142-225 1143+590 1143-287 1143-332 1143-696 1144+352 1144+542 1145-005 1146+189 1146+286 1146+362 1146+531 1146-037 1147+067 1147+438 1147-063 1147-192 1148-671 1149+499 1150+095 1150+334 1150-108 1151+102 1151+126 1151+408 1151-324 1151-348 1152-308 1153-100 1153-119 1154+069 1156-214 1156-221 1156-663 1157+532 1157-215 1158+007 1159+148 1200+068 1200+468 1200+483 1200-051 1202-262 1204+057 1204+281 1204+399 1204-267 1205+011 1205+545 1205-008 1206+416 1206+549 1206-399 1207+260 1207-120 1207-319 1208+186 1209-191 1209-220 1210+197 1210-097 1210-246 1211+334 1212+087 1213-102 1214+588 1215+113 1215-002 1216-010 1217+348 1217+662 1217+713 1218+384 1218-024 1218-341 1219-164 1221+071 1221+464 1221+484 1222+438 1223+395 1223-188 1224+439 1224-132 1224-443 1225+028 1225+317 1225+368 1225+498 1226+492 1226+638 1227+255 1227+274 1227+587 1228+045 1228-113 1228-310 1228-352 1229-021 1229-099 1230+486 1230-101 1231+481 1232+366 1232-338 1234-504 1235+076 1235+196 1235+208 1236+049 1236-381 1236-684 1238+243 1238+702 1239+606 1240-294 1241+176 1241+735 1241-262 1242+410 1245-062 1245-197 1245-235 1246+285 1246+489 1246+586 1247+022 1247+139 1247+166 1247-442 1248-170 1248-350 1250+532 1250-330 1251-197 1251-407 1252+028 1252+458 1252-441 1253+185 1253-216 1254+571 1255+327 1256+802 1256-220 1256-229 1256-243 1257+123 1257+519 1257-326 1258+087 1258+145 1258+287 1258+507 1259+468 1300+485 1300+693 1302-034 1302-208 1302-285 1303+557 1304+791 1304-318 1305+042 1305-247 1306-395 1307+010 1307+562 1308+145 1308+172 1309+257 1310+487 1310-041 1310-271 1312+126 1312+533 1313+200 1314-134 1314-202 1315+047 1315+415 1315-058 1316-120 1317+019 1317+520 1317-005 1318+508 1318-434 1319-093 1320+394 1320-303 1320-385 1320-446 1321+410 1321-105 1321-323 1322+479 1322-078 1323+321 1323+799 1324+574 1325+126 1325+437 1325+504 1325-133 1325-558 1327+321 1327-311 1328+254 1328-034 1329-049 1329-126 1330+022 1330+071 1330+276 1331-115 1331-195 1333+459 1333+589 1333-049 1333-082 1333-152 1333-186 1333-337 1335+552 1337+637 1337-013 1337-033 1338+285 1338+362 1339+274 1339-206 1340-175 1341+691 1341-171 1343+073 1343+386 1343+451 1344+188 1344-375 1345+061 1346-113 1347+099 1347-163 1347-218 1348+087 1348+237 1348-289 1349-275 1351+021 1352-632 1353-171 1353-341 1355+115 1355+441 1355-416 1356+022 1356+478 1357+404 1357-187 1358+624 1358-090 1358-298 1400-184 1401+000 1402+077 1402+660 1402-144 1403+411 1403-085 1404+347 1404-267 1405-287 1406+564 1406+787 1406-230 1407+022 1407+691 1408+077 1409+373 1410+138 1412+087 1412+461 1412-279 1413+373 1413-168 1415+463 1415-349 1417-192 1418-065 1418-192 1419+469 1421+048 1421+122 1421+482 1421+511 1421-138 1422+231 1422+473 1429+400 1430-155 1431-115 1433-040 1436+214 1436+373 1436+445 1436+763 1437+061 1437+331 1437+624 1437-153 1438+016 1438+385 1438+501 1438-151 1438-347 1439+327 1440+635 1441+522 1441-058 1442+637 1446+042 1446-005 1446-111 1448-232 1448-648 1449+139 1449-012 1450+455 1450-251 1450-338 1451+094 1451+106 1451+270 1451+352 1451-248 1452+166 1452+301 1452-168 1453+217 1454+447 1454+510 1454-354 1455+098 1455+247 1455+348 1456-367 1457+449 1457-237 1458-391 1459-149 1500+045 1501-343 1502+291 1502+330 1503-091 1504+127 1505+044 1505+428 1505+497 1505+514 1505-156 1505-304 1505-496 1506+163 1506-074 1508-111 1508-325 1509+022 1509+054 1510+835 1510-319 1510-421 1511+238 1511-210 1511-476 1512+030 1514+004 1517-116 1518+045 1518+046 1519+181 1522+113 1522+791 1524-136 1526+670 1528+381 1529-271 1530+239 1531+722 1531-221 1533+200 1533+487 1533-316 1534+387 1534+501 1534-152 1535+004 1536+046 1537+162 1537+279 1537+312 1537-082 1537-389 1539-111 1540-077 1541+050 1541+835 1541-230 1542+042 1542+328 1542+616 1543+005 1543+480 1543+517 1545-120 1547-054 1548+114 1548-177 1549+089 1549-790 1550+582 1552-033 1553+113 1554+185 1555+030 1557+565 1557-053 1558+595 1558-072 1559+140 1600+43A 1600+43B 1600-099 1600-294 1600-445 1601-222 1602+195 1602+576 1603+301 1603+573 1604+159 1604+183 1604+274 1604+315 1604+554 1605+542 1606+403 1606-056 1606-219 1606-398 1607+563 1609+190 1611-710 1613+216 1613-350 1613-586 1614+042 1614+466 1614-112 1614-195 1614-255 1616-181 1618-399 1619+491 1619-680 1620+145 1621+058 1621+078 1621+392 1622+665 1622-310 1623+569 1624-617 1625-141 1626+229 1626-005 1626-172 1627+476 1628+071 1629+680 1630-004 1630-107 1630-258 1633-131 1633-409 1635-141 1637+166 1637-001 1637-373 1638+118 1638+124 1638+540 1639-200 1639-287 1640+254 1641+074 1641-179 1642+183 1642+256 1642-076 1645+174 1645+271 1645+410 1645-329 1646+042 1646+411 1647+065 1647+744 1648+015 1648+084 1649+063 1649+216 1651+312 1651+747 1653+426 1653-329 1654+185 1654+866 1654-020 1654-199 1656+482 1656+602 1657+022 1657+054 1657+265 1657-562 1658-189 1659-621 1700+151 1700+685 1701+016 1701-132 1704+099 1704+122 1704+512 1704-141 1705+188 1705-353 1706+006 1707-038 1708+433 1708-335 1709-182 1710+542 1710-269 1710-323 1711-208 1711-209 1712+493 1712-059 1713-048 1714+193 1714+219 1714-336 1715-112 1715-287 1716+070 1716-142 1717+083 1718+481 1718-084 1718-259 1718-649 1719+357 1719-050 1720+102 1720+250 1720+282 1721+343 1721+589 1721-146 1722+401 1722+526 1722+611 1723+051 1723+658 1723-229 1724+066 1724+322 1724+609 1725-795 1726+552 1726+769 1727+386 1728+004 1729-373 1732+081 1732+094 1732-059 1733-565 1734+063 1734+065 1734-228 1737+222 1738+032 1738+451 1739+438 1739-152 1740+478 1740-169 1740-190 1740-309 1741+196 1742+228 1742+378 1742+402 1742-078 1742-088 1743+182 1744+260 1745+670 1746+197 1747+433 1748-253 1749+062 1749+293 1749-101 1749-299 1750+175 1752-225 1753+049 1753+204 1753+648 1753+731 1753-144 1753-418 1754+292 1755+055 1755+578 1755+626 1758+046 1758-651 1800-045 1801+010 1801+036 1801+459 1802-046 1803+172 1804-251 1805+220 1805+310 1805+616 1807+279 1809+170 1809+568 1809-286 1811+062 1811+298 1811+430 1812+412 1813+163 1814+349 1814-637 1815+531 1815+614 1815-111 1817+157 1817+387 1817+502 1818-050 1819+159 1820+397 1820-274 1822+012 1822+033 1822+682 1822-173 1822-368 1823+017 1823-294 1824+185 1824+578 1824-582 1825+269 1825+344 1825-214 1826-447 1827+062 1827+645 1827-272 1828+399 1829+219 1829+290 1829-106 1829-718 1830+012 1830+074 1831+050 1831-030 1832+687 1833+240 1833+326 1834+612 1835+064 1835-345 1836+094 1839+389 1839+548 1841+131 1842-220 1842-289 1843+356 1843+400 1843-001 1843-069 1845-273 1846+326 1847+303 1848+283 1849-365 1850+402 1851+236 1851+331 1851+488 1851+609 1851-157 1851-162 1853+027 1853+376 1854+061 1855+031 1855-252 1856-252 1858+269 1858+273 1858-255 1901+016 1901+155 1902-119 1903+196 1903-802 1904+013 1905-297 1907-224 1908+230 1908+484 1908-211 1909+268 1910+375 1913-272 1914-154 1914-194 1914-212 1915+657 1917+552 1917-248 1917-386 1919+086 1922+333 1922+478 1922-341 1923+123 1924+507 1925-206 1925-610 1926+050 1926+233 1926+440 1926+611 1927+090 1928+770 1929+312 1929-295 1931+149 1931-243 1932+106 1932-161 1933+655 1934+226 1934+615 1934-065 1934-638 1935+360 1935-179 1935-692 1936+046 1936+095 1936-623 1937+381 1938+371 1939+429 1939+813 1939-053 1939-316 1941+413 1942+097 1942+722 1942-020 1944+126 1945-011 1945-325 1946+708 1946-200 1947+242 1948-047 1949-052 1950+253 1950+573 1950-613 1951-115 1952+138 1954+282 1955+343 1957-135 1958+103 1959+067 1959+241 1959+437 1959+650 2000-045 2001+304 2001+449 2002-185 2002-233 2002-375 2003+662 2004+064 2004+443 2004-447 2005+372 2005+737 2005-044 2007+073 2007+659 2008+332 2009+611 2010+463 2010+723 2012-017 2013+340 2013+370 2013+508 2013-273 2014+358 2014+463 2014-254 2015+083 2015+657 2015-113 2018+282 2018+295 2019+050 2020-015 2020-122 2021+003 2021+222 2021-330 2022+031 2022+274 2022+542 2022-289 2023+503 2023+760 2025-086 2027+464 2027-035 2027-052 2027-308 2029+024 2030-689 2032+107 2032+117 2032+281 2032-168 2033+187 2033-219 2033-286 2034+581 2034-248 2036-034 2037+216 2039+037 2039-231 2040+127 2040-225 2041+342 2042-098 2044-027 2044-168 2044-188 2045-405 2046+429 2047+039 2047+098 2048+361 2049+175 2050+161 2050+226 2050+364 2051+350 2051-204 2053-127 2053-323 2054+611 2054-075 2054-377 2056-369 2058+260 2058-425 2059+560 2059-334 2059-786 2100+468 2101+600 2102+003 2102-659 2103+023 2103+213 2105-250 2105-293 2107+353 2107-016 2107-105 2109-811 2111+400 2112-144 2114+048 2114+053 2115-305 2116+543 2117-614 2118+053 2118+188 2118+443 2118-037 2118-372 2119+664 2119+709 2120+099 2121+547 2121-199 2122+044 2122-148 2123+244 2123-463 2126-185 2127+085 2130-425 2131+145 2131-340 2134+428 2135+347 2135+508 2135-184 2135-209 2135-248 2136+824 2136-190 2136-251 2137+011 2137-196 2138+389 2138-377 2139-232 2139-249 2141+333 2141-334 2142-758 2144+042 2144-362 2145+082 2145-176 2146+019 2146-783 2147+077 2147+145 2147-186 2147-284 2149+069 2151+431 2151-118 2152+172 2152-699 2153+190 2153-008 2154+100 2154-183 2156-013 2157+213 2157-255 2157-375 2158-167 2159+833 2200-238 2201+044 2201+098 2201+676 2202+363 2203-188 2203-215 2204-007 2205+743 2206+650 2207+356 2207+374 2207+517 2207+741 2208+199 2208-373 2209+080 2209+184 2209+328 2210+361 2211+069 2211-256 2211-388 2212-299 2214+241 2214+307 2215+316 2216-007 2217+214 2217+259 2217-011 2220+134 2220-119 2220-318 2221+625 2221-116 2221-387 2222+600 2223-114 2224-308 2225+247 2226+440 2227-136 2227-399 2227-445 2229-172 2231+098 2232-211 2233-173 2233-186 2233-234 2234+420 2234-253 2235+275 2236+124 2236-572 2238+512 2238-362 2239+096 2239-631 2240-260 2242+031 2242+257 2243-081 2244-002 2245+029 2245-059 2245-091 2245-128 2246-309 2247+113 2247+132 2247-131 2248+555 2250+023 2250+323 2251+006 2251+134 2251+244 2253+227 2253-278 2254-204 2254-367 2255+416 2255+570 2256+017 2256+570 2256-084 2256-296 2257+103 2257-270 2258+033 2258+166 2258-022 2259+058 2259+371 2259-375 2300+142 2300+386 2300+638 2300-189 2300-307 2301+060 2303-052 2304+322 2304+377 2304-230 2305+198 2308+341 2310+385 2311-452 2313-439 2314-340 2314-409 2315-172 2315-404 2316+862 2318+182 2318-087 2319+184 2320+079 2320+689 2320-021 2321-065 2321-164 2321-215 2322+396 2322-411 2323+009 2323+478 2324-023 2325+152 2325+192 2325+799 2326+082 2327+335 2327-376 2327-459 2328+316 2329+068 2329-415 2330+083 2330+387 2330-017 2331+073 2332-017 2332-293 2333-528 2335-181 2336+024 2337-011 2337-123 2337-234 2337-334 2338+000 2338+191 2338+330 2338-295 2341+154 2341+295 2341+697 2342+821 2342-161 2344+068 2344+299 2344+429 2344+514 2344-192 2345+270 2345-047 2346+052 2346+385 2347+108 2349-014 2349-223 2350+395 2350+704 2351+550 2351-006 2351-309 2352-217 2353+816 2353-686 2354-021 2354-117 2355+042 2356+390 2357-326 2358+406 2358+605 2358-161 3C380 3C48 4C+00.02 4C55.17 CEN-A CTA21 CYGNUS-A LANA M104 NGC2484 NGC4261 NGC4278 NGC5077 NGC5141 NGC5675 NGC6034 NGC6500 NGC7720 OB338 SN1993J UG01841 UG03927 UGC02748 VELA-G Appendix F. List of 59 stations estimated as global parameters: ALGOPARK BADARY BR-VLBA CRIMEA DSS15 DSS45 DSS65 EFLSBERG FD-VLBA FORTLEZA GGAO7108 GILCREEK HARTRAO HATCREEK HAYSTACK HN-VLBA HOBART12 HOBART26 HRAS_085 KASHIM11 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOGANEI KOKEE KP-VLBA LA-VLBA MATERA MEDICINA METSAHOV MK-VLBA MOJAVE12 NL-VLBA NOTO NRAO20 NRAO85_3 NYALES20 OHIGGINS ONSALA60 OV-VLBA OVRO_130 PIETOWN RICHMOND SANTIA12 SC-VLBA SESHAN25 SVETLOE SYOWA TIGOCONC TIGOWTZL TSUKUB32 URUMQI VNDNBERG WESTFORD WETTZELL YEBES YEBES40M YLOW7296 ZELENCHK Appendix G. List of 74 stations estimated as local parameters: AIRA AZORES BLKBUTTE BREST CHICHI10 CTVASBAY CTVASTJ DEADMANL DSS13 DSS65A ELY FLAGSTAF FORTORDS FORT_ORD FTD_7900 GOLDVENU GORF7102 HALEAKAL HART15M HOFN HOHNBERG JPL_MV1 KARLBURG KATH12M KODIAK KUNMING KWAJAL26 MAMMOTHL MARCUS MARPOINT MCD_7850 METSHOVI MIAMI20 MILESMON MIURA MIZNAO10 MOJ_7288 MON_PEAK NOBEY_6M NOME NRAO85_1 NRAO_140 OCOTILLO OVR_7853 PARKES PBLOSSOM PENTICTN PINFLATS PLATTVIL PRESIDIO PT_REYES PVERDES QUINCY SANPAULA SEATTLE1 SEST SINTOTU3 SNDPOINT SOURDOGH TATEYAMA TOULOUSE TROMSONO TRYSILNO UCHINOUR VERAISGK VERAMZSW VERNAL VICTORIA WARK12M WHTHORSE YAKATAGA YARRA12M YELLOWKN YUMA Appendix H. List of 3 stations for which tropospheric gradients were not estimated: SHANGHAI VLBA85_3 WIDE85_3 Appendix I. List of 133 stations with axis offset extimated as global parameter: AIRA ALGOPARK AZORES BADARY BLKBUTTE BR-VLBA BREST CHICHI10 CRIMEA CTVASBAY CTVASTJ DEADMANL DSS13 DSS15 DSS45 DSS65 DSS65A EFLSBERG ELY FD-VLBA FLAGSTAF FORTLEZA FORTORDS FORT_ORD FTD_7900 GGAO7108 GILCREEK GOLDVENU GORF7102 HALEAKAL HART15M HARTRAO HATCREEK HAYSTACK HN-VLBA HOBART12 HOBART26 HOFN HOHNBERG HRAS_085 JPL_MV1 KARLBURG KASHIM11 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KATH12M KAUAI KODIAK KOGANEI KOKEE KP-VLBA KUNMING KWAJAL26 LA-VLBA MAMMOTHL MARCUS MARPOINT MATERA MCD_7850 MEDICINA METSAHOV METSHOVI MIAMI20 MILESMON MIURA MIZNAO10 MK-VLBA MOJAVE12 MOJ_7288 MON_PEAK NL-VLBA NOBEY_6M NOME NOTO NRAO20 NRAO85_1 NRAO85_3 NRAO_140 NYALES20 OCOTILLO OHIGGINS ONSALA60 OV-VLBA OVRO_130 OVR_7853 PARKES PBLOSSOM PENTICTN PIETOWN PINFLATS PLATTVIL PRESIDIO PT_REYES PVERDES QUINCY RICHMOND SANPAULA SANTIA12 SC-VLBA SEATTLE1 SESHAN25 SEST SINTOTU3 SNDPOINT SOURDOGH SVETLOE SYOWA TATEYAMA TIGOCONC TIGOWTZL TOULOUSE TROMSONO TRYSILNO TSUKUB32 UCHINOUR URUMQI VERAISGK VERAMZSW VERNAL VICTORIA VNDNBERG WARK12M WESTFORD WETTZELL WHTHORSE YAKATAGA YARRA12M YEBES YEBES40M YELLOWKN YLOW7296 YUMA ZELENCHK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AUTHOR: Dr. Roberto Lanotte E-Geos Centro di Geodesia Spaziale "G. Colombo" 75100 Matera, Italy e-mail: roberto.lanotte@e-geos.it