Technical description of solution cgs2009a.trf 1 - Technique: VLBI 2 - Analysis Centre: Space Geodesy Center (CGS) - Matera, Italy 3 - Software used: CALC Version: 10.0 SOLVE release: 2006.04.05 SOLVE revision: 2006.04.10 4 - Data span: 19790803 - 20091222 (3680 sessions) 5 - Celestial Reference Frame: a - Nature: extragalactic b - Definition of the orientation: no-net-rotation w.r.t. ICRF-Ext1 using 199 sources, from 212 defining sources of the ICRF-Ext1 (Appendix A). 6 - Terrestrial Reference Frame: a - Relativity scale: Solar System Barycenter (SSB) b - Velocity of light: 299792458 m/s c - Geogravitational constant: not applicable d - Permanent tidal correction: no e - Definition of the origin: No net translation condition w.r.t. ITRF2000 for 39 stations (Appendix B). f - Definition of the orientation: No net rotation condition w.r.t. ITRF2000 using the same stations as in 6.e. g - Reference epoch: 1997.0 h - Tectonic plate model: None (ITRF2000 used as apriori). i - Constraints for time evolution: No net velocity adjustment condition in translation and rotation w.r.t. ITRF2000 velocity field, for 39 stations (Appendix C). 7 - Earth orientation: a - A priori precession model: IERS 1996 b - A priori nutation model: IERS 1996 c - Short-period tidal variations in x, y, UT1: Model used according to: John Gipson, "VLBI determination of neglected tidal terms in high frequency Earth Orientation Variation", Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 101, No. B12, p. 28051-28064, Dec 10, 1996. 8 - Estimated Parameters: a - Celestial Frame: right ascension and declination as global parameters for 637 sources (Appendix D) and as local parameters for 1678 sources (Appendix E). b - Terrestrial Frame: Coordinates and velocities for 88 stations as global parameters (Appendix F) and as local parameters for 35 stations (Appendix G). The velocities of the following pairs of stations are constrained to be the same. FORT_ORD FORTORDS GGAO7108 GORF7102 MIAMI20 RICHMOND TIGOWTZL WETTZELL Discontinuous positions are estimated for the following stations. site epoch DSS15 920627 DSS65 970415 EFLSBERG 961001 FORTORDS 891001 GGAO7108 030101 MEDICINA 960601 MOJAVE12 920627 PRESIDIO 891001 SOURDOGH 871201 WHTHORSE 871201 YAKATAGA 871201 c - Earth Orientation: Unconstrained X pole, Y pole, UT1, Xp rate, Yp rate, UT1 rate, dpsi and deps. X pole, Y pole, UT1 a-priori from EOPC04. d - Others: - station clocks: second order polynomial plus a continuous piecewise linear function with 60 min interval and rate constraint of 5.0E-14. - wet zenith tropospheric delays as 60 min piecewise continuous linear function, with rate constraints of 50 psec/hr - troposphere gradients: 6 hours east and north piecewise continuous linear function, at all stations, except a set of 75 stations (Appendix H) offset constraint 0.5 mm and rate constraint 2.0 mm/day - antenna axis offsets estimated for 49 stations (Appendix I) as global parameters. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Appendix A. List of 199 sources used for the no-net-rotation CRF condition: 0003+380 0007+171 0010+405 0014+813 0039+230 0109+224 0123+257 0133+476 0135-247 0138-097 0148+274 0149+218 0153+744 0159+723 0202+319 0215+015 0219+428 0220-349 0235+164 0239+108 0248+430 0256+075 0302-623 0306+102 0308-611 0309+411 0342+147 0400+258 0406+121 0414-189 0422+004 0422-380 0423+051 0426-380 0437-454 0446+112 0454+844 0457+024 0458+138 0502+049 0507+179 0516-621 0521-365 0530-727 0537-286 0539-057 0544+273 0556+238 0609+607 0615+820 0629-418 0636+680 0637-752 0642+449 0648-165 0707+476 0716+714 0718+793 0722+145 0723-008 0733-174 0738+313 0743+259 0745+241 0749+540 0754+100 0804+499 0805+410 0812+367 0818-128 0820+560 0821+394 0826-373 0828+493 0829+046 0831+557 0833+585 0834-201 0839+187 0850+581 0859+470 0912+297 0917+449 0917+624 0945+408 0952+179 0954+658 0955+326 0955+476 1012+232 1020+400 1030+415 1032-199 1038+064 1038+52A 1038+52B 1039+811 1049+215 1053+815 1057-797 1111+149 1116+128 1128+385 1130+009 1143-245 1147+245 1150+497 1150+812 1155+251 1213+350 1215+303 1216+487 1219+044 1221+809 1226+373 1236+077 1251-713 1252+119 1257+145 1308+326 1324+224 1342+662 1342+663 1347+539 1416+067 1418+546 1435+638 1445-161 1448+762 1459+480 1504+377 1514+197 1532+016 1538+149 1547+507 1549-790 1600+335 1604-333 1606+106 1616+063 1624+416 1637+574 1642+690 1656+348 1705+018 1706-174 1718-649 1725+044 1726+455 1727+502 1743+173 1745+624 1749+701 1751+441 1758-651 1800+440 1823+568 1830+285 1842+681 1849+670 1856+736 1954+513 1954-388 2000-330 2017+743 2021+317 2029+121 2030+547 2051+745 2052-474 2059+034 2106-413 2109-811 2113+293 2136+141 2143-156 2145+067 2150+173 2209+236 2229+695 2232-488 2254+074 2312-319 2319+272 2320+506 2326-477 2329-162 2329-384 3C138 3C147 3C245 3C390.3 3C418 4C67.05 CL4 IIIZW2 NRAO190 OQ172 OW-015 Appendix B. List of 39 stations used for the no-net-traslation and no-net-rotation of position TRF condition: ALGOPARK BR-VLBA DSS45 DSS65 EFLSBERG FD-VLBA FORTLEZA GILCREEK HARTRAO HAYSTACK HN-VLBA HOBART26 HRAS_085 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOKEE KP-VLBA LA-VLBA MATERA MEDICINA MK-VLBA MOJAVE12 NL-VLBA NOTO NRAO_140 NRAO20 NRAO85_3 NYALES20 ONSALA60 OV-VLBA OVRO_130 PIETOWN RICHMOND SANTIA12 SC-VLBA TSUKUB32 WESTFORD WETTZELL Appendix C. List of 39 stations used for the no-net-translation and no-net-rotation of velocity TRF condition: ALGOPARK BR-VLBA DSS45 DSS65 EFLSBERG FD-VLBA FORTLEZA GILCREEK HARTRAO HAYSTACK HN-VLBA HOBART26 HRAS_085 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOKEE KP-VLBA LA-VLBA MATERA MEDICINA MK-VLBA MOJAVE12 NL-VLBA NOTO NRAO_140 NRAO20 NRAO85_3 NYALES20 ONSALA60 OV-VLBA OVRO_130 PIETOWN RICHMOND SANTIA12 SC-VLBA TSUKUB32 WESTFORD WETTZELL Appendix D. List of 637 sources estimated as global parameters: 0003+380 0007+171 0010+405 0014+813 0039+230 0109+224 0123+257 0133+476 0135-247 0138-097 0148+274 0149+218 0153+744 0159+723 0202+319 0215+015 0219+428 0220-349 0235+164 0239+108 0248+430 0256+075 0302-623 0306+102 0308-611 0309+411 0342+147 0400+258 0406+121 0414-189 0422+004 0422-380 0423+051 0426-380 0437-454 0446+112 0454+844 0457+024 0458+138 0502+049 0507+179 0516-621 0521-365 0530-727 0537-286 0539-057 0544+273 0556+238 0609+607 0615+820 0629-418 0636+680 0637-752 0642+449 0648-165 0707+476 0716+714 0718+793 0722+145 0723-008 0733-174 0738+313 0743+259 0745+241 0749+540 0754+100 0804+499 0805+410 0812+367 0818-128 0820+560 0821+394 0826-373 0828+493 0829+046 0831+557 0833+585 0834-201 0839+187 0850+581 0859+470 0912+297 0917+449 0917+624 0945+408 0952+179 0954+658 0955+326 0955+476 1012+232 1020+400 1030+415 1032-199 1038+064 1038+52A 1038+52B 1039+811 1049+215 1053+815 1057-797 1111+149 1116+128 1128+385 1130+009 1143-245 1147+245 1150+497 1150+812 1155+251 1213+350 1215+303 1216+487 1219+044 1221+809 1226+373 1236+077 1251-713 1252+119 1257+145 1308+326 1324+224 1342+662 1342+663 1347+539 1416+067 1418+546 1435+638 1445-161 1448+762 1459+480 1504+377 1514+197 1532+016 1538+149 1547+507 1549-790 1600+335 1604-333 1606+106 1616+063 1624+416 1637+574 1642+690 1656+348 1705+018 1706-174 1718-649 1725+044 1726+455 1727+502 1743+173 1745+624 1749+701 1751+441 1758-651 1800+440 1823+568 1830+285 1842+681 1849+670 1856+736 1954+513 1954-388 2000-330 2017+743 2021+317 2029+121 2030+547 2051+745 2052-474 2059+034 2106-413 2109-811 2113+293 2136+141 2143-156 2145+067 2150+173 2209+236 2229+695 2232-488 2254+074 2312-319 2319+272 2320+506 2326-477 2329-162 2329-384 3C138 3C147 3C245 3C390.3 3C418 4C67.05 CL4 IIIZW2 NRAO190 OQ172 2358+189 0002-478 0003-066 0008-264 0013-005 0017+200 0016+731 0019+058 0021+243 0026+346 0035+413 0037+139 NGC0262 0048-097 0048-427 NGC0315 0056-001 0059+581 0104-408 0106+013 0108+388 0110+495 0111+021 0112-017 0113-118 0116-219 0118-272 0119+115 0119+041 0127+084 0130-171 3C48 0146+056 0150-334 0151+474 0201+113 0202+149 0202-172 0206+136 0208-512 0212+735 0221+067 0229+131 0234-301 0234+285 0237-027 0237+040 0237-233 NGC1052 0253+133 0259+121 0300+470 0302+625 NGC1218 3C84 0317+188 0319+121 0322+222 0326+278 NRAO140 0335-364 CTA26 0338-214 0341+158 0354+231 NRAO150 0358+210 0400-319 0402-362 0403-132 0405-385 0405-123 0405+305 0406-127 0409+229 0415+379 0420-014 0420+417 0423+233 0425+048 0426+273 3C120 0430+289 0434-188 0438-436 0440+345 0444+634 0451-282 0454-463 0454-234 0458-020 0459+060 0459+135 0500+019 0506+101 0508+138 0509+152 0511-220 0515+208 0524-460 0528-250 0528+134 0529+075 0529+483 0534-340 0537-441 0537-158 0536+145 0547+234 0552+398 0554+242 0600+177 0601+245 0602+405 0602+673 0605-085 0607-157 0610+260 0611+131 0620+389 0629+160 0637-337 3C166 0646-306 0650+371 0651+410 0656+082 0657+172 0710+439 0711+356 0725+219 0727-115 0728+249 0730+504 0735+178 0736+017 0738+491 0742+103 0743-006 0748+126 0759+183 0805+046 0805-077 0808+019 0814+425 0822+137 0821+621 0823+033 0823-223 0827+243 0834+250 0836+182 0836+710 OJ287 0854+213 0859-140 0906+015 0912+029 0919-260 0920-397 0920+390 4C39.25 0925-203 0949+354 SN1993J M81 OK290 1004+141 1011+250 1012-448 1013+208 1014+615 1015+359 1016-311 1021-006 1022+194 1023+131 1030+074 1034-293 1040+244 1042+071 1043+066 1045-188 1044+719 1048-313 1053+704 1055+018 1056+212 1101-325 1101-536 1101+384 1104-445 1104+728 1116-462 1119+183 1121+238 1123+264 1124-186 1125+596 1127-145 1128-047 MRK180 NGC3862 1144+402 1144-379 1144+352 1145-071 NGC3894 1148-001 1155+169 1156-094 1156+295 1204+124 1213-172 1217+023 1219+285 1222+037 M84 1226-028 3C273B 3C274 1237-101 M104 1239+376 1240+381 1243-072 1244-255 3C279 1255-316 1300+580 1302-102 1307+121 1308+328 1313-333 OP326 1318+225 1323+321 3C286 1330+476 1334-127 1338+381 1345+125 1349-439 1351-018 1352-104 1354+195 1354-174 1354-152 1357+769 1402-012 1402+044 OQ208 1406-076 1409+218 1412-368 1413+135 1413+349 1417+385 1417+273 1420+326 1423+146 1424+366 1424+240 1424-418 1427+543 1428+422 NGC5675 1430-178 1432+200 1433+304 1434+235 1435-218 1443-162 1444+175 1451-375 1451-400 3C309.1 1502+106 1502+036 1504-166 1508+572 1508-055 1510-089 1511-100 1511-476 1514-241 1519-294 1519-273 1522+155 1546+027 1548+056 1551+130 1555+001 1557+032 1556-245 CTD93 1608+243 1611+343 1614+051 1610-771 1617+229 1622-253 1622-297 NGC6251 1633+38 1634+213 1636+473 NRAO512 1639+230 3C345 1645+224 1647-296 DA426 1656+477 1655+077 1656+053 1657-261 1705+456 1705+135 1717+178 1725+123 NRAO530 1732+389 1734+363 1734+508 1738+499 1738+476 1739+522 1741-038 NGC6454 1746+470 1749+096 1751+288 1754+159 1756+237 1758+388 1803+784 3C371 1806+456 1806-458 1815-553 1817-254 1826+796 1821+107 1830+139 1831-711 3C395 1901+155 1908-201 1920-211 1922+155 1921-293 1923+210 1928+738 1926+087 1925-610 1929+226 1932+204 1933-400 1936-155 1937-101 1943+228 1951+355 1952+138 1955+335 1958-179 2000+472 2000+148 2007+777 2005+642 2005+403 2005-489 OW-015 2008-159 2013+163 2021+614 2022+171 2023+336 2037-253 2054-377 2106+143 2121+053 2126-158 2128+048 2128-123 2131-021 2134+00 2138-377 2142+110 2144+092 2149+056 2149-306 2152+226 2155-152 2155-304 VR422201 2201+315 2201+171 2205+166 2210-257 2214+350 2214+241 2216-038 2223+210 3C446 2227-088 2229-172 CTA102 2234+282 2233-148 2235+731 2243-123 2244-372 2245-328 2246+208 2250+194 3C454.3 2252-089 2253+417 2254+024 2255-282 2302+232 2318+049 2320-035 2321-375 2325-150 2328+107 2331-240 2335-027 2337+264 2340+233 2344+09A 2345-167 2351+456 2351-154 2352+495 2355-534 2355-106 2356+385 Appendix E. List of 1678 sources estimated as local parameters: 0241+622 1511+238 0116+319 4C+00.02 0941-080 1855+031 1117+146 0047-579 0332-403 0454-810 1148-671 1619-680 2204-540 0335-122 1748-253 1935-692 0506-612 2100+468 1932+106 2333-528 1254+571 1600+43A 1600+43B 0738-674 0002+051 0009+081 0026+048 0027+056 0034+108 0040+098 0047+023 0152+043 0159+034 0201+088 0208+106 0216+011 0234+052 0246+061 0256+054 0258+011 0258+058 0303+051 0310+013 0320+015 0325+005 0332+078 0348+049 0351+045 0355+055 0357+057 0358+040 0403+064 0409+000 0409+045 0411+054 0420+022 0421+019 0441+106 0442+071 0446+113 0454+039 0454+066 0506+056 0509+011 0511+009 0514+109 0515+067 0519+011 0524+034 0542+112 0550+032 0602+109 0602+096 0718+042 0722+032 0731+050 0733+016 0755+117 0801+044 0829+108 0830+115 0830+040 0837+035 0837+012 0842+048 0848+089 0851+071 0907+022 0922+005 0928+008 0932+075 0932+094 0943+105 0959+105 1000+125 1005+066 1013+127 1013+054 1015+057 1025+031 1036+054 1045+011 1045+019 1113+087 1117+044 1118+073 1142+052 1150+095 1151+102 1200+068 1204+057 1212+087 1221+071 1228+045 1235+076 1236+049 1257+123 1317+019 1347+099 1356+022 1408+077 1421+122 1427+109 1446+042 1448+093 1455+080 1456+044 1514+004 1518+046 1518+045 1522+113 1535+004 1541+050 1542+042 1543+005 1553+113 1601+112 1615+029 1621+078 1638+124 1641+074 1646+042 1647+065 1648+084 1648+015 1649+063 1706+006 1717+083 1732+094 1734+063 1801+010 1811+062 1827+062 1830+074 1835+064 1836+040 1844+081 1904+013 1926+050 1936+046 1942+097 1958+103 2004+064 2015+083 2019+050 2022+031 2032+117 2032+107 2047+098 2047+039 2114+048 2120+099 2122+044 2137+011 2145+082 2147+077 2149+069 2154+100 2158+029 2201+098 2210+065 2211+069 2215+020 2220+119 2224+006 2231+098 2239+096 2242+031 2243+047 2245+029 2251+006 2256+017 2258+033 2259+058 2301+060 2307+106 2320+079 2323+009 2325+093 2326+082 2330+083 2331+073 2338+000 2344+068 2346+052 2347+108 0307+380 OB338 0000+212 0004+240 0011+189 0024+224 0025+197 0035+121 0045+243 0054+161 0059+163 0103+127 0111+131 0113+241 0114+140 0127+145 0136+176 0143+230 0144+209 0147+187 0153+222 0156+128 0209+168 0210+181 0217+166 0222+185 0229+230 0237+185 0239+175 0242+238 0254+185 0302+173 CTA21 0344+199 0344+235 0346+209 0409+188 0421+145 0423+237 0425+174 0429+174 0518+211 0617+210 0620+227 0627+176 0628+203 0634+150 0654+244 0740+173 0740+235 0747+185 0802+212 0810+247 0820+225 0821+248 0829+187 0906+163 0908+201 0928+144 0940+172 1020+191 1033+223 1042+178 1055+201 1100+223 1104+167 1108+201 1123+203 1125+213 1140+188 1146+189 1208+186 1210+197 1212+171 1222+216 1235+196 1253+185 1308+145 1308+172 1313+200 1331+170 1344+188 1410+138 1449+139 1537+162 1601+160 1604+159 1609+190 1613+216 1626+229 1642+183 1654+185 1700+151 1714+219 1737+222 1742+228 1743+182 1746+197 1750+175 1753+204 1819+159 1824+185 1829+219 1841+131 1908+230 1909+161 1920+154 1926+233 1944+126 2021+222 2031+216 2037+216 2040+127 2049+175 2050+161 2103+213 2118+188 2152+172 2157+213 2216+178 2236+124 2247+132 2305+198 2319+184 2324+151 2338+191 2356+196 0017+257 0032+276 0103+337 0103+253 0105+259 0110+318 0119+247 0120+259 0122+278 0134+311 0149+335 0200+304 0204+316 0206+293 0217+324 0223+341 0229+262 0301+336 0321+340 0326+349 0337+337 0353+289 0356+322 0411+341 0424+328 0432+254 0434+299 0436+306 0437+273 0456+310 0500+339 0514+330 0537+251 0600+299 0629+320 0643+307 0659+268 0729+259 0733+300 0733+261 0738+272 0742+318 0743+277 0748+333 0759+252 0805+269 0810+258 0814+326 0815+326 0820+296 0833+276 0902+290 0908+340 0916+336 0920+284 0922+316 0937+262 0951+268 0958+294 0958+346 1001+329 1007+337 1018+348 1034+288 1048+347 1059+282 1100+305 1128+308 1145+268 1204+281 1207+260 1211+334 1217+348 1225+317 1227+255 1238+243 1255+327 1327+321 1330+276 1338+285 1339+274 1348+308 1404+347 1439+327 1451+270 1502+330 1502+291 1520+319 1525+314 1537+279 1542+328 1603+301 1604+315 1604+274 1640+254 1642+256 1645+271 1651+312 1657+265 1720+282 1720+250 1722+330 1736+324 1737+339 1746+340 1807+279 1811+298 1814+349 1825+344 1825+269 1829+290 1833+326 1846+322 1846+326 1847+303 1848+283 1858+273 1858+269 1909+268 1927+256 1929+312 2013+340 2018+282 2112+283 2155+312 2209+328 2214+307 2215+316 2217+259 2251+244 2304+322 2327+335 2328+316 2358+406 0006+397 0022+390 0035+367 0044+387 0049+437 0109+351 0129+431 0140+412 0145+386 0149+370 0159+418 0201+438 0201+365 0227+403 0249+383 0251+393 0256+423 0318+438 0325+395 0327+364 0340+362 0402+379 0415+398 0424+414 3C119 0436+426 0442+389 0445+364 0505+354 0520+411 0530+421 0548+378 0555+378 0559+422 0609+413 0641+392 0707+424 0718+374 0727+409 0739+398 0749+376 0749+426 0807+417 0819+408 0824+355 0830+425 0833+416 0836+426 0840+424 0841+386 0847+379 0859+433 0900+428 0911+354 0913+391 0920+416 0922+407 0927+352 0936+419 0942+358 1010+350 1019+429 1030+398 1055+433 1058+393 1105+437 1107+443 1125+366 1136+408 1147+438 1151+408 1204+399 1206+416 1218+384 1222+438 1223+395 1225+368 1232+366 1242+410 1321+410 1325+437 1357+404 1413+373 1429+400 1432+422 1436+373 1438+385 1456+375 1505+428 1520+437 1615+364 1621+392 1645+410 1646+411 1651+391 1719+357 1722+401 1739+438 1742+378 1742+402 1747+433 1811+430 1812+412 1820+397 1828+399 1839+389 1843+356 1850+402 1853+376 1910+375 1934+365 1938+371 1946+358 1959+437 2048+361 2050+364 2107+353 2138+389 2202+363 2207+374 2207+356 2231+425 2238+410 2241+406 2246+370 2255+416 2259+371 2300+386 2304+377 2310+385 2330+387 2344+429 2346+385 2356+390 NGC4261 0001+459 0010+463 0019+451 0020+446 0021+464 0035+503 0037+487 0046+511 0048+447 0058+498 0102+511 0102+480 0122+470 0125+487 0137+467 0140+490 0144+487 0213+443 0250+508 0321+467 0327+467 0336+473 0338+480 0345+460 0350+465 0412+447 0503+466 0513+455 0514+474 0532+506 0533+446 0538+474 0540+456 0600+442 0603+476 0610+510 0611+483 0620+459 0621+446 0630+497 0632+502 0644+491 0650+453 0700+470 0709+509 0714+457 0716+477 0723+488 0731+479 0746+503 0746+483 0751+485 0803+452 0803+514 0839+458 0844+463 0902+490 0902+468 0925+449 0925+504 0927+469 0930+493 0933+503 0942+468 0955+509 1010+495 1011+496 1024+483 1032+509 1048+470 1107+485 1124+455 1135+480 1143+446 1152+462 1155+486 1200+468 1218+444 1221+464 1226+492 1230+486 1231+481 1246+489 1252+458 1258+507 1300+485 1305+502 1308+471 1310+487 1318+508 1322+479 1325+504 1327+504 1333+459 1412+461 1415+463 1419+469 1421+482 1421+511 1422+473 1436+445 1438+501 1450+455 1454+447 1454+510 1505+497 1505+514 1533+487 1534+501 1543+517 1543+480 1619+491 1627+476 1629+495 1646+499 1656+482 1704+512 1712+493 1738+451 1740+478 1801+459 1817+502 1851+488 1908+484 1920+450 1922+478 1924+507 1926+440 1948+505 2001+449 2004+443 2010+463 2013+508 2023+503 2027+464 2118+443 2121+460 2159+505 2226+440 2238+512 2309+454 2319+444 2323+478 1555-140 0001-120 0011-046 0022-044 0038-020 0047-051 0048-071 0055-059 0103-021 0105-008 0108-079 0122-003 0131-001 0136-059 0205-010 0213-026 0214-085 0218-133 0226-038 0240-060 0244-128 0256-005 0329-110 0334-131 0348-120 0355-079 0406-056 0436-129 0436-089 0454-088 0555-132 0727-025 0736-063 0802-010 0804-055 0805-119 0814-029 0819-032 0931-114 1004-018 1006-093 1008-017 1034-058 1044-128 1056-113 1112-080 1115-122 1117-124 1118-056 1124-073 1133-032 1136-135 1146-037 1149-084 1150-108 1153-119 1200-051 1210-097 1213-102 1215-002 1216-010 1218-024 1228-113 1229-021 1230-101 1245-062 1300-105 1302-034 1310-041 1314-134 1316-120 1319-093 1321-105 1329-049 1331-115 1333-049 1333-082 1337-013 1346-113 1358-090 1401+000 1402-144 1403-085 1418-065 1446-111 1449-012 1503-091 1524-136 1540-077 1545-120 1552-033 1621-067 1625-141 1635-035 1635-141 1654-020 1707-038 1726-038 1749-101 1816-029 1825-041 1948-047 2012-017 2022-077 2053-044 2107-105 2123-015 2127-096 2140-048 2153-008 2208-137 2221-116 2223-114 2244-002 2245-128 2245-059 2247-131 2258-022 2303-052 2318-087 2320-021 2330-017 2332-017 2351-006 2354-021 2354-117 2358-161 0000-197 0002-170 0005-239 0005-262 0008-222 0012-184 0035-252 0036-216 0102-245 0115-214 0133-204 0136-231 0148-177 0150-144 0156-144 0204-224 0215-167 0217-189 0218-220 0219-164 0240-217 0245-167 0250-225 0253-218 0313-171 0323-244 0325-222 0327-241 0341-256 0346-163 0347-211 0357-263 0403-179 0407-170 0413-210 0418-151 0423-163 0432-148 0436-203 0448-187 0514-161 0521-262 0601-172 0606-223 0618-252 0627-199 0804-267 0810-180 0812-252 0834-223 0843-259 0855-196 0902-256 0915-213 0921-213 1004-217 1027-186 1029-222 1036-154 1054-234 1055-248 1055-242 1102-242 1107-187 1110-217 1117-248 1118-140 1119-252 1136-156 1142-225 1148-171 1156-221 1157-215 1202-262 1206-238 1206-202 1209-191 1209-220 1243-160 1245-235 1245-197 1255-177 1256-220 1256-229 1256-243 1303-170 1310-271 1318-263 1331-195 1336-237 1336-260 1339-206 1340-175 1347-218 1349-145 1404-267 1406-230 1406-267 1417-192 1430-155 1437-153 1451-248 1452-168 1511-210 1550-242 1550-269 1601-222 1710-269 1820-274 1829-207 1946-200 2002-185 2044-168 2126-185 2135-248 2135-184 2145-176 2154-183 2200-238 2203-188 2232-211 2233-173 2240-260 2253-278 2254-204 2257-270 2300-189 2304-230 2335-181 2344-192 1919+086 0614-349 0331+022 1628+216 CEN-A 1910+052 4C55.17 0952+581 CYGNUS-A 1852-534 1026-084 0056-572 0334-546 1936-623 NGC2484 0836+290 1058+726 NGC5141 NGC7720 1239+606 UGC02748 1437+331 1815+531 0131-522 2227-399 0206-048 0207-078 0210-075 0212-039 0420+210 0252-549 0312-770 0503-608 0823-500 1105-680 1236-684 1600-445 2059-786 2353-686 0213-015 0213-013 0215-015 0032+612 0159-062 0220-023 0610+171 1754+155 1928+154 2258+166 0534-611 1004-500 1129-580 1234-504 1352-632 1355-416 0002+200 0549+192 2314-340 0022-423 1814-637 0026-015 0027-024 0029-147 0042+186 0043+246 0046+063 0055+060 0113-310 0119+296 0122-345 0123-226 0140+120 0150+000 0153+389 0202-337 0202+240 0159+870 0214+083 0221-171 0259-316 0437+145 0450+013 0513+276 0518+600 0534-201 0616+076 0647-018 0656-062 0700-101 0658+548 0710+196 0716+332 0723-189 0726-132 0729-222 0736-332 0738-246 0745-291 0759-334 0759-283 0804+140 0814-241 0816+054 0849+287 0909+222 0916+718 0926-039 0930-338 0938+277 1005-333 1010-255 1030-357 1048+207 1055-301 1100+122 1124-382 1125+062 1215+113 1217+713 1224-443 1236-381 1240-294 1246+285 1250-330 1252-441 1258+287 1305+042 1312+289 1329+063 1332+031 1348+237 1348+087 1348-289 1358-298 1403+411 1422+231 1424-328 1438-347 1453+217 1505-304 1506+163 1530+239 1533-316 1536+046 1557+565 1621+058 1632+321 1639-062 1716+070 1721+589 1722+611 1728+004 1749+293 1755+055 1802-046 1815-111 1830+012 1836+094 1841+447 1908-211 1922-341 1937+381 1949+014 2021-330 2050+226 2053-323 2118-372 2121+547 2123+244 2141+175 2144-362 2158-167 2227+009 2246-309 2256+570 2306+095 2306-312 2319+317 2320+689 2351-309 0517-726 0235-618 0522-611 1325-558 1505-496 1606-398 1624-617 2102-659 2117-614 1455+247 1257-326 0010+336 0104+195 0118-283 0207-149 0224+540 0255-124 0307-362 0319-056 0322-294 0334+014 0352-164 0425-071 0430-163 0503+608 0529-031 0540-092 0554+343 0600+063 0606-272 0618-284 0621-010 0627-050 0632-235 0639+098 0640+074 0641-135 0644-390 0648-086 0651-194 0700-286 0723-265 0741-045 0748-069 0754-155 0815-294 0844-259 0845-068 0905-202 0915-135 0939-077 0945-287 1004-125 1104+525 1113-307 1127-368 1147-063 1258+087 NGC5077 1328-263 1420-220 1431-115 1446-005 1542+616 1606+403 1654-199 1704-141 1712-059 1714-336 1719-050 1723-229 1738+032 1740-190 1750-187 1800-045 1809-286 1818-050 1823-294 1839+548 1853-122 1858-255 1902-119 1914-154 1917-386 1934-065 1938-302 1945-011 2032-168 2116-068 2138-283 2157-375 2220-119 2259-375 2315-404 2341+154 2344+299 2357-318 0741+214 2146-783 0036-191 0041+677 0051-077 0055+329 0121-096 0128+383 0141+268 0150-299 0158+031 0159-200 0222+296 0230+344 0238-052 0245+043 0251+235 0258-170 0315-006 0333-073 0350-253 0359-151 0418+437 0435+217 0446-212 0452+068 0503-163 0509+205 0515-053 0519-176 0542-227 0549-191 0557-182 0604-074 0608-230 0612-255 0614+463 0620+385 0633-26A 0637-216 0657-276 0707-028 0708+506 0723+067 0734-044 0742+333 0746+688 0801-079 0806+524 0814+240 0821-182 0830+160 0844-177 0851+075 0858-125 0900-171 0907-023 0910-276 0923+171 0928+653 0930-080 0932-194 0938-133 0942+505 0951+175 0959+127 1008-285 1017+436 1023-049 1035+046 1044+007 1103+284 1109+076 1120-274 1124+067 1133-041 1141+011 1145-005 1150+334 1156+101 1159+148 1217+662 1225+028 1235+208 1241-262 1247+166 1251-130 1258+145 1315+415 1320+394 1329-137 1333-186 1343+073 1351+021 1355+115 1402+077 1413-168 1421-138 1436+214 1438-151 1450-251 1451+094 1457+449 1459-149 1504+127 1512+030 1517-116 1529-271 1541+835 1534-152 1537-082 1544+541 1549+089 1555+030 1559+140 1606-056 1614+466 1616-181 1630-004 1633-131 1637-001 1645-262 1656+602 1658-189 1704+122 1718+481 1723+658 1723+051 1732+081 1744+260 1753+731 1803+172 1824+578 1831+050 1914-212 1923-101 1935-179 1942+722 2000-045 2020-015 2022-289 2027-052 2034-248 2037-172 2041+342 2051+350 2102+003 2136-190 2139-232 2144+042 2153-119 2207+741 2215+150 2220+134 2227-136 2234-253 2236-221 2243-081 2249-210 2250+023 2257+103 2304+824 2316+862 2318+182 2321-215 2325+192 2341+697 2345-047 2350+395 0230-790 0446+595 1441+522 1509+022 1827-272 2005-044 2029+024 2324-023 0200+751 0251+785 0252+818 0401+820 0614+761 0810+812 0900+836 1003+830 1046+867 1222+848 1231+811 1305+770 1400+839 1510+835 1540+820 1707+779 1728+774 2043+749 2159+833 2318+886 2323+790 2353+816 0346+800 0403+768 0438+824 0532+826 0627+814 0759+779 1100+798 1256+802 1304+791 1305+804 1322+850 1406+787 1616+85A 1726+769 1828+829 1845+79A 1944+838 2023+760 2046+762 2116+818 2135+842 2136+824 2242+821 0125+628 0835-339 2333-415 1640-231 1825-055 0035-024 0456+060 0459+252 0812+020 1200+045 1337-033 1721+343 1034-374 2058-297 0159-117 0741-063 1019+416 1330+022 0211+171 0312+100 1054+004 1218+339 1306+360 1441+252 2201+044 2205+743 0035+238 0727-365 0938+119 1339-287 1656-075 1759-396 1955+343 2349-014 0057-338 0132-097 0157+808 0630-261 0913+657 0939+620 1239+552 0244-452 0558-396 0625-354 0918-297 1046-409 1251-197 1333-337 1404-342 1531-352 1645-329 1705-353 1710-323 0633-26B 0804-153 0806-153 1047+147 1147-192 1156-214 1223-188 1333-152 1528-509 1600-294 1614-255 1905-297 1925-206 0346-279 0613+570 0800+618 0854-108 1823+689 0316-444 0632-183 0648-287 0733-187 1418-192 1639-200 1718-259 1845-273 2056-369 2314-409 2329-415 1308+554 1623+578 1143-287 1454-354 2220-351 0124-155 0210-180 0222-234 0224-189 0301-243 0316-164 0318-172 0325-182 0404-240 0454-220 0524-237 0525-231 0718-154 1046-222 1825-214 0700-197 0847-120 1428+370 1602-115 1922-224 0723+219 1659+399 0227-369 0043-392 0043-268 0502-152 0532-378 0741-444 0915-118 1059-438 1633-409 1650-157 1711-209 1913-272 2157-255 2220-318 0027-426 0332-375 0514-459 0615-365 0647-475 0704-231 0713+669 0750+633 0910-414 1320-303 1335+658 1508-325 1621-351 1942-313 2238-362 0007-325 0114-211 0422-389 0826+180 0843-336 1302-208 1346-306 1613-350 1622-310 1647+744 1906-217 2120-309 2122-238 0302-437 0329-404 0540+529 1137+660 1318-434 1510-421 1618-399 1753-144 1851-162 1907-224 2033-286 2233-186 2236+678 2322+396 0110-361 0521-403 0705-412 0717-393 0855+143 0857-329 1232-338 1817+157 2005+372 2039+037 2311-373 2348-432 Appendix F. List of 88 stations estimated as global parameters: ALGOPARK BR-VLBA DSS45 DSS65 EFLSBERG FD-VLBA FORTLEZA GILCREEK HARTRAO HAYSTACK HN-VLBA HOBART26 HRAS_085 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOKEE KP-VLBA LA-VLBA MATERA MEDICINA MK-VLBA MOJAVE12 NL-VLBA NOTO NRAO_140 NRAO20 NRAO85_3 NYALES20 ONSALA60 OV-VLBA OVRO_130 PIETOWN RICHMOND SANTIA12 SC-VLBA TSUKUB32 WESTFORD WETTZELL BLKBUTTE CRIMEA CTVASTJ DSS15 DSS65A ELY FLAGSTAF FORT_ORD FORTORDS GGAO7108 GOLDVENU GORF7102 HATCREEK JPL_MV1 KODIAK KWAJAL26 MARCUS MARPOINT METSAHOV MIAMI20 MON_PEAK NOME OHIGGINS PARKES PBLOSSOM PINFLATS PLATTVIL PRESIDIO PT_REYES PVERDES QUINCY SANPAULA SESHAN25 SNDPOINT SOURDOGH SVETLOE SYOWA TIGOCONC TIGOWTZL TRYSILNO URUMQI VERNAL VNDNBERG WHTHORSE YAKATAGA YEBES YLOW7296 YUMA ZELENCHK Appendix G. List of 35 stations estimated as local parameters: CHLBOLTN MAMMOTHL PENTICTN YELLOWKN DEADMANL OCOTILLO MOJ_7288 OVR_7853 MILESMON HALEAKAL MCD_7850 FTD_7900 METSHOVI BREST NOBEY_6M SEST VICTORIA SEATTLE1 TOULOUSE AZORES HOHNBERG KIRSBERG KARLBURG HOFN TROMSONO NRAO85_1 MIZNAO10 KASHIM11 KOGANEI CTVASBAY DSS13 BADARY AIRA CHICHI10 YEBES40M Appendix H. List of 80 stations for which tropospheric gradients were not estimated: BLKBUTTE CTVASTJ DSS15 ELY FLAGSTAF FORT_ORD FORTORDS GGAO7108 GOLDVENU GORF7102 JPL_MV1 KODIAK KWAJAL26 MARCUS MARPOINT METSAHOV MIAMI20 MON_PEAK NOME OHIGGINS PARKES PBLOSSOM PINFLATS PLATTVIL PRESIDIO PT_REYES PVERDES QUINCY SANPAULA SESHAN25 SNDPOINT SOURDOGH SYOWA TIGOWTZL TRYSILNO URUMQI VERNAL WHTHORSE YAKATAGA YEBES YLOW7296 YUMA CHLBOLTN MAMMOTHL PENTICTN YELLOWKN DEADMANL OCOTILLO SHANGHAI MOJ_7288 OVR_7853 MILESMON HALEAKAL MCD_7850 FTD_7900 METSHOVI BREST NOBEY_6M SEST VICTORIA SEATTLE1 VLBA85_3 WIDE85_3 TOULOUSE AZORES HOHNBERG KIRSBERG KARLBURG HOFN TROMSONO NRAO85_1 MIZNAO10 KASHIM11 KOGANEI MIURA TATEYAMA CTVASBAY AIRA CHICHI10 SINTOTU3 Appendix I. List of 49 stations with axis offset extimated as global parameter: ALGOPARK BR-VLBA DSS45 DSS65 FD-VLBA FORTLEZA GILCREEK HARTRAO HAYSTACK HN-VLBA HRAS_085 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOKEE KP-VLBA LA-VLBA MATERA MK-VLBA MOJAVE12 NL-VLBA NOTO NRAO_140 NRAO20 NRAO85_3 OV-VLBA OVRO_130 PIETOWN RICHMOND SANTIA12 SC-VLBA TSUKUB32 WESTFORD DSS15 GGAO7108 GOLDVENU HATCREEK MARPOINT MIAMI20 OHIGGINS SESHAN25 SVETLOE TIGOCONC TIGOWTZL URUMQI VNDNBERG YEBES YLOW7296 YUMA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AUTHOR: Dr. Roberto Lanotte Telespazio SpA Centro di Geodesia Spaziale "G. Colombo" 75100 Matera, Italy e-mail: roberto.lanotte@asi.it