Technical description of solution sha2011b.eops 1. Purpose of the solution: Session EOP 2. Analysis center: SHA ( Shanghai Observatory ) 3. Short narrative description of solution: Solution sha2011b estimates position of all stations, coordinates of most sources, UT1, polar motion and their rates, daily nutation offsets for each session, all parameters were treated independently. No-net-rotation, no-net-translation constraints were imposed on the estimates of the station positions locally. Clock function for all stations except the reference one and atmosphere zenith path delay are modeled by a piecewise linear spline with the time span 60 and 20 minutes respectively. Parameters of these spline were estiamted as well together with other parameters. Data used spans from Aug. 1979 to Feb. 2011. The observation dura- tions shorter than 18 hours were not used. The data of sources which have two gravitational lenses and less than 4 good observations in all sessions were excluded (APPENDIX A). Positions of all sources except 39 special handling sources were estimated as global param- eters. Position of TIGOCONC station was treated as local parameter without estimating its velocity, due to an earthquake, and the velocity of HOBART12 was tied to that of HOBART26. 4. Estimated parameters: global parameters: a. celestial frame: right ascension, declination for all sources excpet 39 special handling sources. b. terrestrial frame: X, Y, Z, Xdot, Ydot, Zdot for all stations except TIGOCONC. c. others: global antenna axis offsets for 61 stations (APPENDIX B). local and segmented parameters: d. Earth orientation: x, y, UT1-TAI, xdot, ydot, UT1dot, dpsi, deps. e. zenith troposphere: linear spline 20-min interval; rate constraint with reciprocal weights generally 50 ps/hr; NMF wet partial derivative (segmented). f. troposphere gradient: east and north gradients as well of the rate of their change was estimated for all stations except a set of 110 stations (APPENDIX C); offset and rate constraints with reciprocal weights 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm/day were applied. g. station clocks: quadratic (local) + linear spline with 1-hr interval (segmented); rate constraint with reciprocal weights generally 5.0E-14 h. baseline clocks: set in initial analysis - usually used. i. source position: right ascension, declination for 39 special handling sources. j. station position: X, Y, Z for TIGOCONC ( not estimate the velocity). 5. Celestial reference frame: a. a priori source positions: ICRF2 b. source positions adjusted in solution: yes. if yes, c. definition of the orientation: tie to ICRF2 295 defining sources d. source position estimation: all global except 39 special handling sources 6. Terrestrial reference frame: a. a priori station positions: VTRF2008a b. a priori station velocities: VTRF2008a c. reference epoch for site positions: 2000.0 d. station positions/velocities adjusted in solution: yes. if yes, e. definition of origin, orientation, and their time evolution: no-net-translation and no-net-rotation of position and velocity with respect to VTRF 2008a for 35 stations: ALGOPARK BR-VLBA DSS45 FD-VLBA FORTLEZA HARTRAO HATCREEK HAYSTACK \ HN-VLBA HOBART26 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOKEE KP-VLBA LA-VLBA \ MATERA MK-VLBA NL-VLBA NOTO NRAO20 NRAO85_3 NYALES20 ONSALA60 \ OV-VLBA OVRO_130 PIETOWN RICHMOND SANTIA12 SC-VLBA SESHAN25 TSUKUB32 \ VNDNBERG WESTFORD WETTZELL f. station parameter estimation: X, Y, Z, Xdot, Ydot, Zdot globally for all stations except TIGOCONC, some with constrains. The position of TIGOCONC was locally estimated, due to a big earthquake on 2010.02.27. g. stations with constraints: A priori velocity of U, E, and N components for the stations listed in APPENDIX D were constrained to the VTRF2008 velocities with reciprocal weights 0.1, 3.0, and 3.0 mm/yr respectively. The velocities of the 24 sets of stations listed in APPENDIX E were constrained to be the same. h. stations with discontinuous positions and date of discontinuity: YAKATAGA 871201 ! Earthquake SOURDOGH 871201 ! Earthquake WHTHORSE 871201 ! Earthquake FORTORDS 891001 ! Earthquake PRESIDIO 891001 ! Earthquake MOJAVE12 920627 ! Earthquake DSS15 920627 ! Earthquake MEDICINA 960601 ! Rail repair EFLSBERG 961001 ! Rail repair DSS65 970415 ! Rail repair MIURA 000701 ! Seismic event TATEYAMA 000701 ! Seismic event GGAO7108 030101 ! Station relocation SINTOTU3 030915 ! h/z i. stations with nonlinear velocities: HRAS_085, GILCREEK, PIETOWN j. relativity scale: the terrestrial reference frame was defined using the following metric tensor: G_oo = -(1 - (2W/c^2 + W^2/c^4) + 2L_g ) G_oa = -4W^a/c^3 G_ab = \delta_ab (1 + 2W/c^2 - 2L_g) ) Specifically, the old formula 29 in IERS Conventions 1992, page 127-136 was used, although it is known to have a deficiency. THIS METRIC TENSOR DOES NOT CONFORM IAU 2000 RESOLUTIONS! k. permanent tide correction: yes "Yes" means that both the permanent and the periodic tides have been modeled, so that the output station position is for after the removal of both the permanent and the periodic tidal effect. The model used includes tide displacements for zero frequency with Love numbers h2(freq=0) = 0.6074, l2(freq=0) = 0.0852 7. Earth orientation: a. a priori precession model: IAU2006 b. a priori nutation model: IAU2006 c. a priori short-period tidal variations in x, y, UT1 were taken into account in accordance with IERS CONV. 2003 d. EOP estimation: X, Y, UT1, Xdot, Ydot, UT1dot, deps, dpsi each day with a priori error of 45 mas for pole and 3 ms for UT1, 45 mas/day and 3 ms/day for pole rate and UT1 rate to allow estimation for one-baseline sessions; deps and dpsi were relative to IAU 1976 precession and IAU 1980 nutation models. Time tag of EOP series is the middle epoch of the observing session. Assuming the values of zero of the right hand side of TRF NNT and NNR constraint equations, there might exist a long term drifts in EOP. The EOP results of the sessions relating to the TIGOCONC would be affected due to the position of TIGOCONC was treated as local parameter resulting in the network geometry deterioration. 8. A priori geophysical models: a. troposphere: NMF, a priori mean gradients from DAO weather model. b. solid Earth tide: IERS Conventions 1996, p.56-65, step 1 and step 2, anelasticity variant, including tides of the 3-rd order. c. atmosphere loading: 3D displacements computed by convolving global surface pressure field on 2.5x2.5 degrees grid with 6 hour temporal resolution using the NCEP Reanalysis model by Leonid Petrov. d. ocean loadng: 3D ocean loading displacements computed by SPOTL software by Leonid Petrov. Harmonic model 2007b_oclo.hps. 9. Data type: group delays only 10. Data editing: 5 deg elevation cutoff 11. Software: Calc 10.0, SOLVE revision date 2010.05.24 References: 1. COORDINATES OF THE DEFINING SOURCES IN ICRF http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/icrf/icrfdef.html 2. MacMillan, D.S. and C. Ma, Atmospheric gradients from very long baseline interferometry observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1041-1044, 1995. 3. MacMillan, D.S. and C. Ma, Atmospheric gradients and the VLBI terrestrial and celestial reference frames, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 453-456, 1997. 4. Petrov, L. and J.-P. Boy, "Study of the atmospheric pressure loading signal in VLBI observations", J. Geophys. Res., 10.1029/2003JB002500, vol. 109, No. B03405, 2004. APPENDIX A. ----------- List 1272 Sources whose data was not used: SOURCES YES EXCEPT \ * * --- 5 sources names correspond to two gravitational lenses. * 0218+357 0218+35A 0218+35B 1830-21A 1830-21B \ * * 1267 sources with less than 4 (0,1,2,3) good observations * HR1099 2359-221 2338+000 2236-221 2033+187 1936+095 1934+226 1852-534 \ 1842-220 1829-106 1802-046 1800-045 1755+626 1740-309 1708-335 1557-053 \ 1458+088 1332+031 1329-137 1221-829 1215-457 1143+446 1045-620 1044+007 \ 0959+127 0949+510 0928+280 0905+420 0843-371 0810+812 0807+103 0802-170 \ 0639+098 0637-216 0635-355 0446-265 0316-444 0255+288 0158-159 0001-121 \ 0114-211 TON202 2313-182 2305+145 2226+772 2222+600 2217+210 2210+016 \ 2157+102 2154-037 2153-204 2144+568 2105-212 2059+560 2028+368 1911+781 \ 1836+807 1826-391 1810-068 1801-077 1751+050 1714-397 1637-373 1637+166 \ 1526-189 1412-279 1400+162 1319+270 1307+010 1302+641 1302-312 1211-167 \ 1210-246 1210+134 1154+815 1138-120 1129-161 1116+227 0932-281 0912-273 \ 0859-068 0848-304 0736-397 0732+237 0654+033 0608-187 0557-001 0533+097 \ 0531+194 0420-206 0329+654 0210+225 0205-391 0205-242 0107+562 NGC6166 \ 3C343.1 3C343 2355-291 2329+451 2226-081 2044-290 2036-387 2028+492 \ 2028-264 1916+062 1911+165 1911+013 1907+425 1905-252 1853-226 1852-275 \ 1849+499 1849+005 1842-134 1841+116 1826+052 1802-141 1741-312 1740-517 \ 1740-169 1636+826 1633+186 1556+744 1539-093 1508+223 1437+061 1435+514 \ 1412+087 1406+767 1358+046 1357+559 1349+617 1330+300 1328+522 1324-047 \ 1238-110 1229-123 1228-352 1227+274 1224-854 1205-140 1138-277 1131-088 \ 1100+772 1011+765 0952-185 0950-246 0918+140 0913+079 0857+863 0851-382 \ 0850-016 0828-222 0719-353 0717-198 0652+577 0647-475 0625+034 0618-061 \ 0504-099 0443+592 0424+670 0421+683 0419-068 0356-033 0352+825 0141+579 \ 0121-040 0030+196 UXARI UGC01651 UG00192 SIGCRB NGC6946 NGC6240 \ NGC5635 NGC4552 NGC4151 NGC3690 NGC3079 NGC2146 NGC2110 NGC1167 \ NGC0253 NAQL93 MRK003 M82 M77 M106 HD32918 HD132742 \ 4C+32.26 2357+811 2355+814 2353+796 2352+796 2351+805 2350-375 0000-160 \ 2350+302 2347+789 2346+803 2346+750 2343-075 2340-141 2338-295 2332+861 \ 2332-531 2330+777 2328+812 2328+774 2328-159 2326+760 2325+822 2324+779 \ 2323+790 2321+751 2317-372 2316+756 2314-182 2314-116 2313+020 2309+159 \ 2309-133 2303+083 2301+817 2300+796 2300-151 2251-419 2250+799 2250-281 \ 2250+008 2249+856 2249+760 2249+402 2248+757 2247+770 2247+140 2245+879 \ 2240-064 2239+815 2239+296 2238+815 2235+765 2233+340 2231+803 2230+625 \ 2228-367 2228-319 2227+752 2222+762 2220+585 2220-163 2219-340 2217+787 \ 2217+558 2212+836 2211+587 2209-255 2206-237 2206+178 2202+716 2202-065 \ 2159+753 2158+771 2157+765 2157-200 2154+577 2154-184 2154-080 2149+754 \ 2148+867 2147-186 2146+753 2145+815 2145+262 2144-065 2143-236 2142+834 \ 2140-260 2139+748 2136+764 2134+846 2133+837 2133+792 2133+760 2133+469 \ 2132+406 2131-340 2128+681 2123-071 2120+767 2120+519 2120-108 2120-055 \ 2118+74A 2118+749 2118-266 2117-250 2117+025 2116-238 2115+056 2114+022 \ 2113+827 2113+771 2112+463 2111+801 2110-160 2109+776 2107+521 2107+500 \ 2105+598 2105+420 2105-293 2104+763 2102+766 2102+677 2102+496 2101-097 \ 2058+422 2057+750 2054+864 2051+752 2051+687 2049+129 2048+370 2046+413 \ 2044+462 2044-120 2043+74A 2043+748 2043+440 2042+750 2042-191 2040+760 \ 2038-274 2037+411 2036+880 2036-201 2036-109 2035+467 2035+159 2033+466 \ 2030+839 2030+268 2029+837 2029-215 2028-204 2027+383 2027-252 2023+783 \ 2023+420 2022+411 2022+274 2021+414 2019-408 2019-221 2016+406 2015+766 \ 2015-402 2015-274 2015-211 2014+657 2014+463 2009+795 2008+205 2007+073 \ 2005+820 2005+781 2005+762 2005-283 2004+841 2003+104 2000+770 2000+339 \ 1959-273 1958-258 1957+404 1954+617 1954+405 1954+188 1951+767 1951+498 \ 1950+84A 1950+849 1950+828 1950-270 1949-013 1948-241 1948-186 1947-284 \ 1946+788 1946+785 1946+781 1946+751 1945+764 1941+775 1938+751 1938+666 \ 1938-296 1937+798 1937+630 1937+172 1934+207 1930-028 1929+596 1928+681 \ 1925+778 1924+792 1924+420 1921+14B 1920+014 1918+019 1915+863 1915+855 \ 1915+803 1915-247 1911+80A 1911+809 1911-397 1911-019 1910-365 1906+860 \ 1906+767 1906+764 1903+097 1902+845 1900+777 1900+771 1859-050 1859-021 \ 1858-212 1858-143 1857-014 1856-094 1851+752 1850+817 1849-246 1848+333 \ 1847+851 1847+768 1846+214 1843+767 1843-001 1841+128 1841+021 1840+842 \ 1840-079 1837-271 1836+171 1835-186 1834+789 1834-333 1834-219 1834-155 \ 1834-090 1833+752 1832+779 1832-113 1830+797 1830-211 1828+821 1827+808 \ 1827-360 1826+764 1826+083 1825+799 1825-307 1824-141 1820-285 1816-206 \ 1816+186 1815+034 1813-241 1813+207 1810+750 1810-321 1809+823 1809-315 \ 1809-131 1809+068 1808-206 1805+760 1805-214 1805+054 1804-091 1801+095 \ 1800+751 1800-302 1759+756 1758+666 1757-150 1756+818 1755-062 1753-281 \ 1752-217 1750-282 1749-286 1748-198 1747+847 1747+800 1746-347 1746-292 \ 1745+643 1745-235 1745+030 1744-299 1742-283 1741+759 1740+134 1738-336 \ 1736-286 1735+780 1735-267 1735+026 1733+798 1733+788 1733-339 1733-197 \ 1731+870 1729-191 1728-260 1726-237 1724+756 1724-198 1721-251 1721+024 \ 1720-202 1717+490 1717-229 1716+762 1713+218 1712-120 1711+833 1711+801 \ 1710-214 1709+881 1708+77A 1708+771 1708-250 1706-223 1703+769 1701+795 \ 1701-246 1658-217 1657+780 1656+765 1654+785 1653-401 1650+758 1650+581 \ 1646+758 1643+007 1640-039 1638+118 1632-188 1631+859 1630+772 1630+163 \ 1629+822 1628+813 1628+003 1626+755 1626+518 1626-203 1626-172 1624+879 \ 1623-243 1622+238 1621+013 1620-260 1620-259 1619+765 1616+851 1616-029 \ 1614+793 1613+782 1612+821 1610-277 1609+745 1607+770 1605+804 1603+699 \ 1603-193 1601+784 1556+797 1555+754 1555+455 1550+789 1549-242 1545+497 \ 1545+210 1544+398 1540+784 1540+539 1537-207 1535+830 1533+418 1533-220 \ 1532+824 1532+789 1532+772 1531-379 1531-225 1529+790 1529-373 1529+346 \ 1529-195 1528-509 1528-274 1526+384 1525+737 1525+613 1524+769 1520-334 \ 1520-330 1519+567 1517-385 1516+819 1514-261 1514+055 1513-381 1511+863 \ 1511+859 1509+756 1509-282 1506+805 1506+591 1503+604 1501+043 1500+755 \ 1456-179 1455+804 1447+771 1447+536 1445+752 1443+773 1440-285 1438+802 \ 1436-070 1435+019 1434-295 1434+053 1430+011 1427+799 1427+634 1427+000 \ 1426+212 1425+034 1423+857 1423+772 1422+763 1422+364 1422+268 1422+231 \ 1421+754 1421+048 1420-006 1419+762 1419-229 1419+104 1418+812 1418+784 \ 1417+172 1415+793 1415+172 1409+625 1409+595 1408+008 1406+863 1401+835 \ 1400+064 1358+791 1357+799 1354+487 1352+636 1350+761 1346-168 1346-109 \ 1344+793 1341+144 1339+696 1338+870 1337+80A 1337+808 1337+794 1333+034 \ 1331+512 1331-109 1330+075 1329-665 1328+826 1328+130 1324+758 1322+784 \ 1320-140 1317+825 1317-271 1316+109 1315+047 1314+677 1310+860 1310+784 \ 1309+070 1306+660 1306-039 1305+825 1305+822 1305+805 1259+811 1257+839 \ 1256+546 1256+009 1254+226 1254+077 1251+413 1248+881 1248+762 1248-343 \ 1245+716 1243+764 1243-412 1242+864 1241+802 1241+735 1239+328 1239-044 \ 1236+842 1235+767 1235-197 1232+778 1232+777 1231+507 1230-183 1228-008 \ 1225-023 1224+864 1218+797 1217-266 1216+798 1216+640 1216-217 1213+097 \ 1212+177 1210+759 1208+646 1208-269 1205+782 1202+841 1202+527 1201+843 \ 1201+823 1200+858 1154+757 1153+828 1153+733 1152+822 1152+758 1152-295 \ 1151+598 1150+832 1146+770 1146+531 1145+787 1144+840 1143+052 1142+422 \ 1142+134 1137+123 1135+836 1130+787 1130+008 1125-110 1123-356 1121+661 \ 1121-200 1120+777 1120+510 1118+000 1117+543 1115+810 1112+838 1112+772 \ 1112-365 1110+771 1110-374 1109+838 1109+353 1107+036 1104-121 1103-267 \ 1100+837 1058+793 1055+285 1052-376 1047+794 1047+097 1046+835 1046-026 \ 1045+155 1044+816 1043-290 1039-474 1038+760 1035-268 1033+768 1031+892 \ 1031-253 1031-019 1030+687 1028+564 1026+790 1026-179 1024+791 1020+820 \ 1020-114 1020-045 1018+808 1017+109 1016+771 1016-268 1015-214 1013-196 \ 1011+813 1008+082 1007+657 1007-383 1005+770 1005-162 1004+861 1003+861 \ 1003+813 1003+174 1001+817 1000+779 0959+881 0958+793 0956-266 0956-256 \ 0956+015 0955-283 0954-064 0953+816 0950+794 0948-285 0947-138 0947-006 \ 0946+808 0946-096 0946+006 0941-027 0940-118 0939+797 0938-066 0937-282 \ 0936+831 0935+181 0932+784 0931+834 0931+103 0929-289 0927+011 0926+793 \ 0924+732 0924+178 0916+814 0916-219 0914+768 0914-160 0913+776 0913-302 \ 0912-204 0910+814 0910+805 0907-091 0906+480 0906-315 0905+866 0903+669 \ 0903-392 0902+343 0859-062 0858+839 0855+143 0855+133 0855+127 0854+783 \ 0853+752 0851+580 0851-398 0849+675 0848+686 0847-049 0845+788 0844-391 \ 0841+786 0838-090 0836-384 0833-450 0833-168 0833+010 0832-225 0832-093 \ 0831+146 0829+140 0828-064 0825+849 0824+840 0824+802 0824+509 0824+110 \ 0819+770 0818+845 0817+472 0812+757 0810+646 0808-132 0807+764 0805+538 \ 0805+072 0804+863 0803-047 0800+789 0800+760 0800-380 0757+815 0755+764 \ 0753+772 0753+613 0752-385 0750+535 0750-395 0749+718 0748+582 0748-378 \ 0747+871 0745+579 0743+558 0741-182 0737-242 0736+837 0734+80A 0734+805 \ 0731-465 0730-034 0729+562 0727+770 0719-271 0716+824 0714+779 0714+101 \ 0712+753 0712-037 0710+858 0710+767 0709-015 0708-139 0707-299 0706-042 \ 0705+025 0705-002 0704+819 0701+872 0701+119 0700-465 0656-366 0655+132 \ 0648+769 0648+027 0646-398 0644+861 0643+548 0642+866 0642+083 0641-010 \ 0640+779 0639+244 0638+779 0637+780 0637-128 0636+823 0636-087 0635+803 \ 0635+250 0634-108 0633+805 0632+782 0632-278 0628+796 0626+155 0624+842 \ 0624-151 0623+76A 0623+765 0621+814 0618+796 0615+848 0615-142 0613-312 \ 0613+075 0612+755 0612+123 0611+139 0610+783 0609-295 0608+042 0606-025 \ 0605-247 0605-063 0602-317 0600-000 0559-276 0559-200 0555+873 0555+801 \ 0554+179 0554-026 0552+393 0548+800 0548-090 0547-253 0541+759 0541-007 \ 0540-380 0539+752 0538+330 0537-052 0536+198 0535+331 0535+001 0534+753 \ 0533+812 0533-396 0532-398 0532+196 0528+576 0525-230 0525-127 0525-100 \ 0522-314 0522-030 0521+632 0521+077 0518+761 0517+764 0517-027 0515-674 \ 0512+249 0512-129 0510+767 0510-005 0507+839 0506-332 0506-196 0505+874 \ 0502+859 0500+640 0459+791 0457+875 0457+267 0456-317 0452+761 0451-398 \ 0448+763 0445+830 0445+763 0443+801 0441+513 0439-299 0438+503 0437+785 \ 0436+503 0434+759 0434-240 0434-225 0432+510 0432+507 0432-253 0428+807 \ 0428-252 0427-055 0426+351 0425+116 0424+128 0422+770 0422-278 0419+083 \ 0417+767 0415+763 0415+530 0414+792 0414+548 0413+758 0409+806 0408+777 \ 0407+869 0407+760 0406+856 0402+842 0401+820 0400+764 0357+816 0356+761 \ 0356+102 0354+762 0354+000 0351+784 0349+764 0348-031 0343+799 0341+729 \ 0340-330 0340+044 0339+651 0336+539 0332-070 0328+861 0328+677 0328-060 \ 0324+763 0324-379 0319-133 0316+308 0309+049 0305+237 0305-131 0304-122 \ 0303+697 0303-245 0301+773 0301+756 0259+793 0259+602 0258+818 0258+356 \ 0258-163 0255+785 0253+789 0252+818 0251+795 0250-122 0249+171 0247+789 \ 0244+790 0233+434 0231+620 0228+626 0227+782 0223+814 0223+774 0219+767 \ 0219+628 0001+478 0215+806 0215-261 0213+798 0212-214 0211+795 0210+86A \ 0210+861 0210+860 0207+507 0201+796 0201-440 0200+751 0159+839 0159+831 \ 0156+795 0155+810 0153-149 0152+756 0148+546 0147+755 0138+817 0138-381 \ 0137-273 0133+758 0131-450 0131-367 0125-176 0124+845 0123-015 0118+841 \ 0118+806 0118+111 0115+832 0108-146 0106-391 0105+785 0104+650 0101-126 \ 0101+113 0100+873 0058+058 0057+101 0056-187 0056-135 0055+796 0055-340 \ 0053-160 0053-130 0052+781 0048+892 0046+839 0045-255 0042+754 0042+750 \ 0042+456 0042-373 0039+211 0037+809 0037+011 0036+767 0036+748 0033+845 \ 0032+801 0032-011 0031+799 0030+765 0027+587 0026+892 0026+845 0025+797 \ 0023-354 0019-339 0017+296 0016+803 0016-223 0015+781 0013+790 0013+323 \ 0013-240 0012+776 0012-357 0010+775 0009+854 0008+320 0008-311 0008+006 \ 0007+757 0007+332 0007+205 0006+771 0005+841 0003+340 0002+813 0002-350 \ 0040+517 0420-625 0537-692 0558-504 0809+483 0951+699 1020-103 1305-241 \ 1421-490 1438-390 1756-663 1817+512 2101-715 2134-470 2226-411 2310-417 \ SGR-A 0106+130 1320-407 APPENDIX B. ----------- List of 61 stations for which axis offsets were estimated as global parameters: AXIS NO EXCEPT \ AIRA ALGOPARK BR-VLBA CHICHI10 DSS15 \ DSS45 DSS65 FD-VLBA FORTLEZA GBT-VLBA \ GGAO7108 GIFU11 GILCREEK GOLDVENU HARTRAO \ HATCREEK HAYSTACK HN-VLBA HRAS_085 KASHIM11 \ KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOGANEI KOKEE \ KP-VLBA LA-VLBA MARPOINT MATERA MIAMI20 \ MIURA MIZNAO10 MK-VLBA MOJAVE12 NL-VLBA \ NOTO NRAO_140 NRAO20 NRAO85_1 NRAO85_3 \ OHIGGINS OV-VLBA OVRO_130 PIETOWN RICHMOND \ SANTIA12 SC-VLBA SESHAN25 SINTOTU3 SVETLOE \ TATEYAMA TIGOCONC TIGOWTZL TOMAKO11 TSUKUB32 \ URUMQI VNDNBERG WESTFORD YEBES YLOW7296 \ YUMA VERAIRIK VERAISGK VERAMZSW VERAOGSW \ ZELENCHK APPENDIX C. ----------- List of 110 stations for which troposphere gradients were not estimated: GRADIENTS YES 6 EXCEPT NO \ AIRA AUSTINTX AZORES BERMUDA BLKBUTTE \ BLOOMIND BREST CARNUSTY CARROLGA CHICHI10 \ CHLBOLTN CTVASBAY CTVASTJ DAITO DEADMANL \ DSS15 ELY FLAGSTAF FORTORDS FORT_ORD \ FTD_7900 GBT-VLBA GGAO7108 GIFU11 GIFU3 \ GOLDVENU GORF7102 GRASSE HALEAKAL HOFN \ HOHENFRG HOHNBERG JPL_MV1 KAINAN KANOZAN \ KARLBURG KASHIM11 KIRSBERG KODIAK KOGANEI \ KOGANEI3 KWAJAL26 LEONRDOK MAMMOTHL MARCUS \ MARPOINT MCD_7850 METSAHOV METSHOVI MIAMI20 \ MILESMON MIURA MIYAZAKI MIZNAO10 MIZUSGSI \ MOJ_7288 MON_PEAK MV2ONSLA NOBEY_6M NOME \ NRAO85_1 OCOTILLO OHIGGINS ONSALA85 OVR_7853 \ PARKES PBLOSSOM PENTICTN PINFLATS PLATTVIL \ PRESIDIO PT_REYES PVERDES QUINCY ROBLED32 \ SAGARA SANPAULA SEATTLE1 SESHAN25 SEST \ SHANGHAI SINTOTU SINTOTU3 SNDPOINT SOURDOGH \ SUWON SYOWA TATEYAMA TITIJIMA TOMAKO11 \ TOULOUSE TROMSONO TRYSILNO TIDBIN64 TIGOWTZL \ TSUKUBA TSUKU3 URUMQI USSURISK USUDA64 \ VERNAL VICTORIA VLA VLA-N8 WHTHORSE \ YAKATAGA YEBES YELLOWKN YLOW7296 YUMA APPENDIX D. ----------- List of 37 stations with constraints on velocity VELOCITIES XYZ NO \ UEN NO SIGMA 0.1 3.0 3.0 EXCEPT \ AUSTINTX AZORES BERMUDA BLOOMIND \ BREST CARNUSTY CARROLGA CHLBOLTN CTVASBAY \ DAITO GRASSE HOFN HOHENFRG \ HOHNBERG KAINAN KANOZAN KARLBURG KIRSBERG \ LEONRDOK MCD_7850 METSHOVI MILESMON NOBEY_6M \ OCOTILLO SAGARA SEST SUWON TIDBIN64 \ TITIJIMA TOMAKO11 TOULOUSE USSURISK \ VERAISGK VERAOGSW USUDA64 VICTORIA SEATTLE1 APPENDIX E. ----------- Velocities of these 24 sets of stations were constrained to be the same VELOCITY_TIE \ DSS15 DSS13 GOLDMARS \ AND DSS45 TIDBIN64 \ AND DSS65 DSS65A ROBLED32 MADRID64 \ AND FORTORDS FORT_ORD FTD_7900 \ AND GIFU11 GIFU3 \ AND GGAO7108 GORF7102 \ AND KASHIM34 KASHIM11 \ AND KAUAI HALEAKAL \ AND KOGANEI KOGANEI3 \ AND METSAHOV METSHOVI \ AND MIZNAO10 MIZUSGSI VERAMZSW \ AND MOJAVE12 MOJ_7288 \ AND NRAO20 GBT-VLBA \ AND NRAO_140 NRAO85_1 \ AND ONSALA60 MV2ONSLA ONSALA85 \ AND OVRO_130 OVR_7853 \ AND RICHMOND MIAMI20 \ AND SESHAN25 SHANGHAI \ AND SINTOTU SINTOTU3 \ AND TSUKUB32 TSUKU3 TSUKUBA \ AND PIETOWN VLA VLA-N8 \ AND WETTZELL TIGOWTZL \ AND YLOW7296 YELLOWKN \ AND HOBART26 HOBART12