Technical description of solution gsf2002b 1. Purpose of solution: TRF/CRF and EOP series 2. Analysis center: GSF ( NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ) 3. Short narrative description of solution: Solution gsf2002b estimates station position and velocity parameters in order to obtain a terrestrial reference frame (TRF) for computing EOP time series. Source positions are also estimated. The TRF is defined in such a manner that the positions and velocities of a subset of 40 strong stations have no net rotation and net translation with respect to positions and velocities of these stations reported in the ITRF2000 catalogue. The CRF is defined in such a way that positions of 212 sources, marked as defining source in the ICRF catalogue [1], do not have net rotation with respect to the coordinates reported in this catalogue. All available dual-band Mark-3/Mark-4 VLBI observations from 03-AUG-1979 through 23-MAY-2002, except 10 VCS1 sessions, 3408 sessions with duration 18 hours and longer, 3 526 294 group delays, were used in a single solution. The wrms of postfit residuals is 22.858 psec and chi-sq/ndg = 1.002 Parameters are split into three groups: 1) global parameters estimated over all sessions; 2) local parameters estimated for each 24-hour session individually; 3) segmented parameters estimated over 20-60 minute time spans. Positions and velocities of all stations were estimated as global parameters. Positions of 552 sources (Appendix A) were estimated as global parameters. Positions of 166 other sources (Appendix B) were estimated in each session individually. In order to determine to which group a source belonged two scores were computed: the number of sessions in which the source had at least two good observations, and the total number of observations excluding the sessions in which the source had only one good observation. The sources that were observed in two or more sessions and had 40 or more good observations were included in the group of sources whose positions were estimated as global parameters. The sources that were observed only in one session and had 25 or more good observations were also included in this group. The sources that had two or more good observations but did not qualify for inclusion in the group of global sources were included in the group of sources whose positions were estimated in each session individually. Other sources, as well as two gravitational lenses, 0218+35A/0218+35B and 1830-21A/1830-21B, were excluded from the dataset. Two source catalogues are provided: gsf2002b.crfg -- catalogue of 552 sources estimated as global parameters; gsf2002b.crfl -- time series of position of 166 sources estimated as local parameters in each session individually. Mean site gradients were computed from the GSFC Data Assimilation Office (DAO) model from met data from 1990-95. The atmospheric gradient delay is modeled as tau = m_grad(el) * [GN*cos(az)+GE*sin(az)], where el and az are the elevation and azimuth of the observation and the gradient mapping function is m_grad. The gradient vector has east and north components GE and GN. Refer to [2] and [3]. 4. Estimated parameters: a. celestial frame: right ascension, declination (global and local) b. terrestrial frame: X, Y, Z, Xdot, Ydot, Zdot (global) c. Earth orientation: x, y, UT1-TAI, xdot, ydot, UT1dot, dpsi, deps (local) d. zenith troposphere: linear spline 20-min interval; rate constraint with reciprocal weights generally 50 ps/hr; NMF wet partial derivative (segmented). e. troposphere gradient: 6-hour east and north linear spline at all stations, except a set of 83 stations (Appendix C); offset and rate constraints with reciprocal weights 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm/day (segmented). f. station clocks: quadratic (local) + linear spline with 1-hr interval (segmented); rate constraint with reciprocal weights generally 5.0E-14 g. baseline clocks: set in initial analysis - usually used (local) h. other: global antenna axis offsets for a set of stations (Appendix D) (global) 5. Celestial reference frame: a. a priori source positions: 2002b_apr.src catalogue b. source positions adjusted in solution: yes If yes, c. definition of orientation: no-net-rotation tie to the ICRF using only the 212 ICRF defining sources d. source position estimation: 552 global and 166 local 6 - Terrestrial reference frame: a. a priori station positions: 2002b_apr.sit b. a priori station velocities: 2002b_apr.vel c. reference epoch: 1997.0 d. station positions/velocities adjusted in solution: yes e. definition of origin, orientation, and their time evolution: no-net-translation and no-net-rotation of position with respect to ITRF2000 for 40 stations: ALGOPARK BR-VLBA DSS45 DSS65 FD-VLBA FORTLEZA GILCREEK HARTRAO HATCREEK HAYSTACK HN-VLBA HOBART26 HRAS_085 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOKEE KP-VLBA LA-VLBA MATERA MEDICINA MK-VLBA MOJAVE12 NL-VLBA NOTO NRAO20 NRAO85_3 NYALES20 ONSALA60 OV-VLBA OVRO_130 PIETOWN RICHMOND SANTIA12 SC-VLBA SESHAN25 TSUKUB32 VNDNBERG WESTFORD WETTZELL no-net-translation and no-net-rotation of velocity with respect to ITRF2000 for the same 40 stations: ALGOPARK BR-VLBA DSS45 DSS65 FD-VLBA FORTLEZA GILCREEK HARTRAO HATCREEK HAYSTACK HN-VLBA HOBART26 HRAS_085 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOKEE KP-VLBA LA-VLBA MATERA MEDICINA MK-VLBA MOJAVE12 NL-VLBA NOTO NRAO20 NRAO85_3 NYALES20 ONSALA60 OV-VLBA OVRO_130 PIETOWN RICHMOND SANTIA12 SC-VLBA SESHAN25 TSUKUB32 VNDNBERG WESTFORD WETTZELL f. station parameter estimation: X, Y, Z, Xdot, Ydot, Zdot globally for all stations, some with constraints g. stations with constraints: A priori velocity for U, E, and N components of the stations listed in Appendix E were constrained to the ITRF2000 velocities with reciprocal weights 0.1, 3.0, and 3.0 mm/yr respectively because the stations have a very short history of observations, in many cases only one occupation. The velocities of the 19 groups of stations listed in Appendix F are constrained to be the same. h. stations with discontinuous positions and date of discontinuity: YAKATAGA 871201 SOURDOGH 871201 WHTHORSE 871201 FORTORDS 891001 PRESIDIO 891001 NRAO85_3 901201 MOJAVE12 920627 DSS15 920627 MEDICINA 960601 EFLSBERG 961001 DSS65 970415 MIURA 000601 TATEYAMA 000601 i. stations with nonlinear velocities: no j. relativity scale: the terrestrial reference frame is defined using the following metric tensor: G_oo = -(1 - (2W/c^2 + W^2/c^4) + 2L_g ) G_oa = -4W^a/c^3 G_ab = \delta_ab (1 + 2W/c^2 - 2L_g) ) Specifically, the old formula 29 in IERS Conventions 1992, page 127-136 was used, although it is known to have a deficiency. THIS METRIC TENSOR DOES NOT CONFORM IAU 2000 RESOLUTIONS! k. permanent tide correction: yes "Yes" means that both the permanent and the periodic tides have been modeled, so that the output station position is for after the removal of both the permanent and the periodic tidal effect. The model used includes tide displacements for zero frequency with Love numbers h2(freq=0) = 0.6074, l2(freq=0) = 0.0852 7. Earth orientation: a. a priori precession model: IERS 1996 b. a priori nutation model: IERS 1996 c. a priori short-period tidal variations in x, y, UT1 were taken into account in accordance with the model presented in Appendix G. d. EOP estimation: X, Y, UT1, Xdot, Ydot, UT1dot, deps, dpsi each day with a priori error of 45 mas for pole and 3 ms for UT1, 45 mas/day and 3 ms/day for pole rate and UT1 rate to allow estimation for one-baseline sessions; deps and dpsi are relative to IAU 1976 precession and IAU 1980 nutation models. Time tag of EOP series is the middle epoch of the observing session. The final series of polar motion and UT1 do not contain contributions due to the high frequency variations. The model specified in the Appendix G was added to the apriori EOP and was not subtracted from the estimates. A network of each individual session falls into 4 categories: 1) very small network: baselines shorter than 150 km; 2) small network: baselines in the range 150-1500 km; 3) singular network: single baseline network with baseline length longer than 1500 km; 4) global network: three or more stations with baselines longer than 1500 km. The EOPs were not estimated for very small networks. The EOPs were estimated for small networks but applying strong constraints. The records related to these experiments were eliminated from the output EOP file. EOP from other series were put in file gsf2002b.eops . The pole coordinates and UT1 from singular networks were substantially affected by weak constraints. They were removed from the output file gsf2002b.eops and their values and formal uncertainties were replaced with "-0 ". The singular networks provided reasonable estimates of nutation angles. 8. A priori geophysical models: a. troposphere: NMF dry mapping function; Saastamoinen zenith delay calculated using logged pressure, temperature; a priori mean gradients from DAO weather model. b. solid Earth tide: IERS Conventions 1996, p.56-65, step 1 and step 2, anelasticity variant, including tides of the 3-rd order. c. ocean loading: IERS Conventions 1996, 11 tidal waves in accordance with Schwiderski model, no nodal correction, no interpolation within the band. d. atmosphere loading: VLBI estimates from VLBI [4] were used for the most frequently observed sites: GILCREEK HATCREEK HAYSTACK HRAS 085 (FD-VLBA,MCD 7850,FTD 7900) MOJAVE12 (MOJ 7288, DSS15) ONSALA60 (MV2ONSLA) RICHMOND (MIAMI20) WESTFORD (HAYSTACK) WETTZELL For the remaining stations we used values derived theoretically by convolution of a loading Green's function with meteorological surface pressure data. These values are from T. van Dam (personal communication) for all other sites except KASHIMA KASHIM34 KAUAI for which values from S. Manabe [5] were used. The estimates of station positions are related to the reference pressure at the station (Appendix H). Reference pressures were determined from a solution run in 1997. These reference pressures were chosen in such a way that the vertical station positions would not change in that solution when the pressure loading contribution was applied. For some stations atmosphere pressure loading contributiuon was not used at all: AIRA CHICHI10 GIFU KANOZAN KOGANEI KOGANEI3 SINTOTU3 TIGOCONC TSUKU3 9. Data type: group delays 10. Data editing: 7 deg elevation cutoff 11. Data weighting. Weights are defined as follows: 1/sqrt ( f**2 + a**2 ) where "f" is formal uncertainty of the ionosphere free linear combination of group delays at X- and S-band obtained by fringe fitting on the base of achieved signal to noise ratio. The station-dependent parameter "a" was computed for each session by an iterative procedure such that the ratio of the sum of squares of weighted residuals to the estimate of their mathematical expectation is about unity. 12. Standard errors reported: all errors derived from least-squares estimation propagated from the data weights and the constraints applied to the estimated parameters. 13. Software: Calc 9.12, SOLVE revision date 2001.06.04 14. Other information: Mean pole coordinates used for computation of pole tide deformation were set to 0.0, 0.0 References: 1. COORDINATES OF THE DEFINING SOURCES IN ICRF http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/icrf/icrfdef.html 2. MacMillan, D.S. and C. Ma, Atmospheric gradients from very long baseline interferometry observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1041-1044, 1995. 3. MacMillan, D.S. and C. Ma, Atmospheric gradients and the VLBI terrestrial and celestial reference frames, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 453-456, 1997. 4. MacMillan, D.S. and J.M. Gipson, Atmospheric pressure loading parameters from very long baseline interferometry observations, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18081-18087, 1994. 5. Manabe, S., T. Sato, S. Sakai, and K. Yokoyama, Atmospheric loading effect on VLBI observations, in Proceedings of the AGU Chapman Conference on Geodetic VLBI: Monitoring Global Change, NOAA Tech. Rep. NOS 137 NGS 49, 111-122, 1991. 06-JUN-2002 17:21:27 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Appendix A. ~~~~~~~~~~~ List of 552 sources with right ascension and declination estimated as global parameters: 0003+380 0003-066 0007+171 0008-264 0010+405 0013-005 0014+813 0016+731 0019+058 0026+346 0035+413 0039+230 0047-579 0048-097 0056-001 0059+581 0104-408 0106+013 0108+388 0109+224 0110+495 0111+021 0112-017 0113-118 0119+041 0119+115 0123+257 0130-171 0133+476 0135-247 0138-097 0146+056 0148+274 0149+218 0151+474 0153+744 0159+723 0201+113 0202+149 0202+319 0202-172 0208-512 0212+735 0215+015 0219+428 0220-349 0221+067 0229+131 0230-790 0234+285 0235+164 0237+040 0237-027 0237-233 0239+108 0248+430 0256+075 0259+121 0300+470 0302+625 0302-623 0306+102 0308-611 0309+411 0317+188 0319+121 0322+222 0326+278 0332-403 0338-214 0341+158 0342+147 0400+258 0400-319 0402-362 0403-132 0405+305 0405-123 0405-385 0406+121 0406-127 0409+229 0414-189 0415+379 0420+417 0420-014 0422+004 0422-380 0423+051 0425+048 0426+273 0426-380 0430+289 0434-188 0437-454 0438-436 0440+345 0444+634 0446+112 0451-282 0454+844 0454-234 0454-810 0457+024 0458+138 0458-020 0459+060 0500+019 0502+049 0506+101 0506-612 0507+179 0511-220 0516-621 0521-365 0524-460 0528+134 0528-250 0529+075 0530-727 0536+145 0537-158 0537-286 0537-441 0539-057 0544+273 0552+398 0554+242 0556+238 0600+177 0602+405 0602+673 0605-085 0607-157 0609+607 0610+260 0611+131 0615+820 0620+389 0636+680 0637-752 0642+449 0646-306 0648-165 0650+371 0651+410 0657+172 0707+476 0710+439 0711+356 0716+714 0718+793 0722+145 0723-008 0727-115 0733-174 0735+178 0736+017 0738+313 0738+491 0738-674 0742+103 0743+259 0743-006 0745+241 0748+126 0749+540 0754+100 0804+499 0805+046 0805+410 0805-077 0808+019 0812+367 0814+425 0818-128 0820+560 0821+394 0821+621 0823+033 0826-373 0827+243 0828+493 0829+046 0831+557 0833+585 0836+710 0839+187 0850+581 0859+470 0859-140 0906+015 0912+029 0912+297 0917+449 0917+624 0919-260 0920+390 0920-397 0925-203 0942+358 0945+408 0949+354 0952+179 0954+658 0955+326 0955+476 1004+141 1011+250 1012+232 1014+615 1020+400 1021-006 1022+194 1030+074 1030+415 1032-199 1034-293 1038+064 1038+52A 1038+52B 1039+811 1042+071 1044+719 1045-188 1048-313 1049+215 1053+704 1053+815 1055+018 1057-797 1101+384 1101-536 1104+728 1104-445 1111+149 1116+128 1123+264 1124-186 1125+596 1127-145 1128+385 1128-047 1130+009 1143-245 1144+402 1144-379 1145-071 1147+245 1148-001 1150+497 1150+812 1155+251 1156+295 1156-094 1213+350 1213-172 1215+303 1216+487 1219+044 1219+285 1221+809 1222+037 1226+373 1226-028 1236+077 1237-101 1240+381 1243-072 1244-255 1251-713 1252+119 1254+571 1255-316 1257+145 1300+580 1302-102 1307+121 1308+326 1308+328 1313-333 1323+321 1324+224 1330+476 1334-127 1338+381 1342+662 1342+663 1345+125 1347+539 1351-018 1352-104 1354+195 1354-152 1357+769 1402+044 1402-012 1406-076 1409+218 1413+135 1413+349 1416+067 1417+273 1417+385 1418+546 1420+326 1424+240 1424+366 1424-418 1427+543 1428+422 1430-178 1432+200 1433+304 1435+638 1435-218 1436+373 1437+331 1443-162 1445-161 1448+762 1451-375 1451-400 1459+480 1502+036 1502+106 1504+377 1504-166 1508+572 1508-055 1510-089 1511-100 1514+197 1514-241 1519-273 1532+016 1538+149 1546+027 1547+507 1548+056 1549-790 1555+001 1555-140 1557+032 1600+335 1606+106 1610-771 1611+343 1614+051 1616+063 1619-680 1622-253 1622-297 1624+416 1633+38 1636+473 1637+574 1639+230 1642+690 1655+077 1656+053 1656+348 1656+477 1657-261 1705+018 1705+456 1706-174 1717+178 1725+044 1726+455 1727+502 1732+389 1734+363 1734+508 1738+476 1738+499 1739+522 1741-038 1743+173 1745+624 1746+470 1749+096 1749+701 1751+288 1751+441 1758+388 1758-651 1800+440 1803+784 1806+456 1815-553 1817-254 1821+107 1823+568 1826+796 1830+285 1831-711 1842+681 1849+670 1856+736 1908-201 1920-211 1921-293 1922+155 1923+210 1926+087 1928+738 1929+226 1932+204 1933-400 1935-692 1936-155 1937-101 1943+228 1951+355 1954+513 1954-388 1955+335 1958-179 2000+472 2000-330 2005+403 2005+642 2005-489 2007+777 2008-159 2017+743 2021+317 2021+614 2023+336 2029+121 2030+547 2051+745 2052-474 2059+034 2059-786 2106+143 2106-413 2109-811 2113+293 2120+099 2121+053 2126-158 2128+048 2128-123 2131-021 2134+00 2136+141 2142+110 2143-156 2144+092 2145+067 2145+082 2149+056 2149-306 2150+173 2155-152 2155-304 2201+315 2204-540 2209+236 2210-257 2214+350 2216-038 2227-088 2229+695 2232-488 2233-148 2234+282 2235+731 2243-123 2245-328 2250+194 2252-089 2253+417 2254+024 2254+074 2255-282 2312-319 2318+049 2319+272 2320+506 2320-035 2325-150 2326-477 2328+107 2329-162 2331-240 2335-027 2337+264 2344+09A 2345-167 2351+456 2351-154 2352+495 2355-106 2355-534 2356+385 3C120 3C138 3C147 3C166 3C245 3C273B 3C274 3C279 3C286 3C309.1 3C345 3C371 3C390.3 3C395 3C418 3C446 3C454.3 3C48 3C84 4C39.25 4C67.05 CEN-A CL4 CTA102 CTA26 CTD93 DA426 IIIZW2 LSI61303 M81 M84 MRK180 NGC0262 NGC0315 NGC1052 NGC1218 NGC3862 NGC3894 NGC5675 NGC6251 NGC6454 NRAO140 NRAO150 NRAO190 NRAO512 NRAO530 OJ287 OK290 OP326 OQ172 OQ208 OW-015 SN1993J VR422201 Appendix B. ~~~~~~~~~~~ List of 166 sources with right ascension and declination estimated as local parameters: 0002-478 0008-421 0022-423 0037+139 0056-572 0116+319 0118-272 0119+247 0127+084 0131-522 0147-076 0150-334 0153-410 0201+088 0202-765 0206+136 0241+622 0252-549 0252-712 0307+380 0312-770 0331+022 0334+014 0334-546 0335-364 0355-483 0407-658 0423+233 0431-512 0450-743 0454-463 0503-608 0517-726 0522-611 0534-611 0600+219 0614-349 0615-365 0622-441 0629+160 0629-418 0637-337 0647-475 0656+082 0700-465 0736-332 0743-673 0809-493 0822+137 0823-223 0823-500 0834+250 0834-201 0836+182 0836+290 0842-754 0844+387 0854+213 0936-853 0937+262 0952+581 0959-443 1004-500 1020-103 1026-084 1043+066 1058+726 1101-325 1105-680 1116-462 1117+146 1129-580 1144+352 1148-671 1206-399 1215-457 1217+023 1221-829 1228-113 1234-504 1236-684 1239+376 1239+606 1251-407 1320-446 1327+321 1334-649 1349-439 1352-632 1354-174 1355-416 1423+146 1444+175 1451+270 1535+004 1540-828 1600+43A 1600+43B 1604-333 1628+216 1647-296 1718-649 1729-373 1733-565 1740-517 1748-253 1806-458 1814-637 1815+531 1822-173 1829-718 1830+139 1843+400 1848+283 1852-534 1901+155 1903-802 1910+052 1919+086 1920+154 1925-610 1932+106 1934-638 1936-623 1950-613 2037-253 2054-377 2058-425 2100+468 2115-305 2142-758 2146-783 2147+077 2152-699 2201+171 2209+184 2211-388 2227-399 2229-172 2300-307 2309+454 2311-452 2329-384 2333-528 2353-686 4C55.17 CYGNUS-A HD32918 HR1099 M104 NGC2110 NGC2146 NGC2484 NGC4151 NGC4278 NGC5077 NGC5141 NGC6034 NGC6166 NGC7720 UG01841 UG03927 UGC01651 UGC02748 VELA VELA-G Appendix C. ~~~~~~~~~~~ List of 83 stations for which tropospehre gradients were not estimated: AIRA AUSTINTX AZORES BERMUDA BLKBUTTE BLOOMIND BREST CARNUSTY CARROLGA CHICHI10 DEADMANL ELY FLAGSTAF FORT_ORD FORTORDS FTD_7900 GIFU3 GOLDMARS GORF7102 GGAO7108 GRASSE HALEAKAL HOFN HOHENFRG HOHNBERG JPL_MV1 KANOZAN KARLBURG KASHIM11 KIRSBERG KODIAK KOGANEI KOGANEI3 LEONRDOK MAMMOTHL MCD_7850 METSHOVI MILESMON MADRID64 MIURA MIYAZAKI MIZUSGSI MOJ_7288 MV2ONSLA MON_PEAK NOME OCOTILLO ONSALA85 OVR_7853 PARKES PBLOSSOM PENTICTN PINFLATS PLATTVIL PRESIDIO PT_REYES PVERDES QUINCY SAGARA SANPAULA SEATTLE1 SINTOTU SINTOTU3 SNDPOINT SOURDOGH SUWON TATEYAMA TIGOCONC TIDBIN64 TITIJIMA TOULOUSE TROMSONO TRYSILNO TSUKU3 TSUKUBA USUDA64 VERNAL VICTORIA VLA WHTHORSE YAKATAGA YELLOWKN YUMA Appendix D. ~~~~~~~~~~~ List of 41 stations with axis offsets estimated as global parameters: ALGOPARK BR-VLBA DSS45 DSS65 EFLSBERG FD-VLBA FORTLEZA GILCREEK HARTRAO HATCREEK HAYSTACK HN-VLBA HOBART26 HRAS 085 KASHIM34 KASHIMA KAUAI KOKEE KP-VLBA LA-VLBA MATERA MEDICINA MK-VLBA MOJAVE12 NL-VLBA NOTO NRAO 140 NRAO20 NRAO85 3 NYALES20 ONSALA60 OV-VLBA OVRO 130 PIETOWN RICHMOND SANTIA12 SC-VLBA TSUKUB32 VNDNBERG WESTFORD WETTZELL Appendix E. ~~~~~~~~~~~ 37 stations with constraints on velocity: AUSTINTX AZORES BERMUDA BLOOMIND BREST CARNUSTY CARROLGA CHLBOLTN DAITO FTD_7900 GIFU3 GRASSE HOFN HOHENFRG HOHNBERG KANOZAN KARLBURG KIRSBERG LEONRDOK MCD_7850 METSHOVI MILESMON MIYAZAKI NOBEY_6M OCOTILLO SAGARA SEST SUWON SYOWA TIDBIN64 TIGOCONC TITIJIMA TOULOUSE USSURISK USUDA64 VICTORIA VLA Appendix F. ~~~~~~~~~~~ Velocities of these pairs of stations were constrainted to be the same: DSS15 GOLDMARS AND DSS45 TIDBIN64 AND DSS65 ROBLED32 MADRID64 AND FORT_ORD FORTORDS AND GGAO7108 GORF7102 AND KASHIM34 KASHIM11 AND KAUAI HALEAKAL AND KOGANEI KOGANEI3 AND MIZNAO10 MIZUSGSI AND MOJAVE12 MOJ_7288 AND NRAO_140 NRAO85_1 AND ONSALA60 MV2ONSLA ONSALA85 AND OVRO_130 OVR_7853 AND RICHMOND MIAMI20 AND SESHAN25 SHANGHAI AND SINTOTU3 SINTOTU AND TSUKUB32 TSUKU3 AND WETTZELL TIGOWTZL AND YLOW7296 YELLOWKN Appendix G. ~~~~~~~~~~~ Expansion of short-period variations in polar motion and UT1. UT1 tidal terms (microseconds) l l' F D Om GST | Cos | Sin | +pi | | | ----------------------------------------- 2 0 2 0 2 -1 -.13 -1.24 0 0 2 2 2 -1 .19 -.82 1 0 2 0 1 -1 -.50 -.92 1 0 2 0 2 -1 -2.64 -4.90 -1 0 2 2 2 -1 -1.10 -.77 0 0 2 0 1 -1 -2.51 -3.34 0 0 2 0 2 -1 -13.31 -17.72 -1 0 2 0 2 -1 .34 .63 1 0 0 0 0 -1 .48 .77 0 1 2 -2 2 -1 -.21 -.43 0 0 2 -2 2 -1 -3.20 -5.32 0 1 0 0 0 -1 .50 1.89 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -.19 -.33 0 0 0 0 0 -1 9.83 16.45 0 0 0 0 1 -1 1.33 2.23 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 -.17 .41 0 0 -2 2 -2 -1 .08 -.04 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 .13 1.25 0 0 -2 0 -2 -1 .68 .33 0 0 -2 0 -1 -1 .44 .21 -1 0 -2 0 -2 -1 .18 .75 -1 0 -2 0 -1 -1 .12 .48 2 0 2 0 2 -2 -.30 .61 0 0 2 2 2 -2 -.83 .47 1 0 2 0 2 -2 -1.94 3.13 -1 0 2 2 2 -2 -.19 .67 0 0 2 0 1 -2 .37 -.57 0 0 2 0 2 -2 -9.88 15.37 -1 0 2 0 2 -2 .12 -.34 0 1 2 -2 2 -2 -.06 .17 0 0 2 -2 2 -2 -1.25 7.73 0 1 0 0 0 -2 .24 .27 0 0 0 0 0 -2 .28 2.48 0 0 0 0 1 -2 .08 .74 0 0 3 0 3 -3 .24 .03 0 0 0 4 1 -1 .26 .10 1 0 4 -2 2 -1 .43 -.52 0 0 0 1 0 -1 -.29 -.23 3 -1 2 0 2 -2 .14 .00 1 1 2 0 1 -2 -.26 -.40 0 0 0 -2 2 -2 .23 .09 ----------------------------------------- Polar motion tidal terms (microarcseconds) l l' F D Om GST | Cos | Sin | +pi | | | ----------------------------------------- -2 0 -2 0 -2 1 -6.90 5.52 0 0 -2 -2 -2 1 -8.63 3.00 -1 0 -2 0 -1 1 -5.58 1.48 -1 0 -2 0 -2 1 -29.56 7.83 1 0 -2 -2 -2 1 -7.86 3.64 0 0 -2 0 -1 1 -25.03 8.53 0 0 -2 0 -2 1 -132.70 45.21 1 0 -2 0 -2 1 2.59 .60 -1 0 0 0 0 1 3.26 -8.76 0 -1 -2 2 -2 1 1.25 9.68 0 0 -2 2 -2 1 -49.40 19.23 0 -1 0 0 0 1 25.06 6.71 0 0 0 0 1 1 -3.09 1.76 0 0 0 0 0 1 156.21 -88.75 0 0 0 0 -1 1 21.18 -12.04 0 1 0 0 0 1 4.99 .50 0 0 2 -2 2 1 3.25 2.62 1 0 0 0 0 1 .51 -4.99 0 0 2 0 2 1 5.93 -10.38 0 0 2 0 1 1 3.80 -6.65 1 0 2 0 2 1 .46 .59 1 0 2 0 1 1 .30 .37 -2 0 -2 0 -2 2 4.13 -.28 0 0 -2 -2 -2 2 -1.37 .40 -1 0 -2 0 -2 2 10.48 -12.69 1 0 -2 -2 -2 2 4.33 1.81 0 0 -2 0 -1 2 -1.06 2.12 0 0 -2 0 -2 2 28.34 -56.83 1 0 -2 0 -2 2 1.92 .54 0 -1 -2 2 -2 2 5.42 -4.28 0 0 -2 2 -2 2 -.48 -20.16 0 -1 0 0 0 2 2.61 1.85 0 0 0 0 0 2 -.83 -18.26 0 0 0 0 -1 2 -.25 -5.44 0 0 -3 0 -3 3 1.92 -1.16 0 0 0 -4 -1 1 5.23 -1.47 -1 0 -4 2 -2 1 -1.28 -3.62 0 0 0 -1 0 1 2.33 -2.61 -3 1 -2 0 -2 2 -.88 -1.13 -1 -1 -2 0 -1 2 .24 .00 0 0 0 2 -2 2 .05 -1.31 2 0 2 0 2 -2 2.33 7.19 0 0 2 2 2 -2 2.87 7.66 1 0 2 0 2 -2 .59 43.62 -1 0 2 2 2 -2 -3.07 8.30 0 0 2 0 1 -2 .50 -9.59 0 0 2 0 2 -2 -13.37 257.07 -1 0 2 0 2 -2 1.83 -7.67 0 1 2 -2 2 -2 -7.08 .33 0 0 2 -2 2 -2 -72.53 106.95 0 1 0 0 0 -2 .34 -4.29 0 0 0 0 0 -2 -18.74 12.64 0 0 0 0 1 -2 -5.59 3.77 0 0 3 0 3 -3 -.56 -1.57 3 -1 2 0 2 -2 -.98 4.60 1 1 2 0 1 -2 -.62 4.28 0 0 0 -2 2 -2 -.83 2.72 ----------------------------------------- Appendix H. ~~~~~~~~~~~ Reference station pressure (in mbar): ALGOPARK 987.7269 AUSTINTX 987.8843 AZORES 980.0000 BERMUDA 1032.0591 BLKBUTTE 958.2020 BLOOMIND 986.2808 BR-VLBA 991.1151 BREST 1018.2115 CARNUSTY 1006.7997 CARROLGA 983.5973 CHLBOLTN 1004.2083 CRIMEA 1022.2811 DAITO 1004.8062 DEADMANL 921.1954 DSS15 903.3864 DSS45 940.8996 DSS65 927.3283 EFLSBERG 973.3153 ELY 818.4020 FD-VLBA 840.9660 FLAGSTAF 780.6606 FORT ORD 1026.5164 FORTLEZA 1008.8414 FORTORDS 996.2424 FTD 7900 843.6926 GGAO7108 1009.1006 GILCREEK 973.5949 GOLDVENU 907.6266 GORF7102 1013.7940 GRASSE 880.8029 HALEAKAL 980.0000 HARTRAO 872.2941 HATCREEK 903.4485 HAYSTACK 1004.2732 HN-VLBA 974.3740 HOBART26 1015.8087 HOFN 1008.1025 HOHENFRG 1006.0411 HOHNBERG 914.8175 HRAS 085 841.6975 JPL MV1 968.8810 KARLBURG 1024.5398 KASHIM34 1011.8796 KASHIMA 1011.6565 KAUAI 893.1727 KIRSBERG 999.8500 KODIAK 1019.8853 KOKEE 897.6151 KP-VLBA 809.7043 KWAJAL26 1010.4768 LA-VLBA 805.6143 LEONRDOK 987.2458 MAMMOTHL 788.4177 MARCUS 980.0000 MARPOINT 1015.3604 MATERA 957.6935 MCD 7850 804.4337 MEDICINA 1015.4830 METSHOVI 1007.9857 MIAMI20 1015.2756 MILESMON 929.2285 MIYAZAKI 1010.7844 MIZNAO10 1005.5121 MIZUSGSI 1001.3473 MK-VLBA 980.0000 MOJ 7288 904.4807 MOJAVE12 910.8149 MON PEAK 817.6861 MV2ONSLA 1018.9158 NL-VLBA 992.0599 NOBEY 6M 888.1540 NOME 979.4225 NOTO 1004.8668 NRAO 140 924.2388 NRAO20 921.1600 NRAO85 1 925.3710 NRAO85 3 925.6830 NYALES20 999.8049 OCOTILLO 1018.0067 OHIGGINS 995.1413 ONSALA60 1008.6664 OV-VLBA 884.1696 OVR 7853 888.0806 OVRO 130 885.8806 PARKES 967.9925 PBLOSSOM 913.4080 PENTICTN 966.3524 PIETOWN 766.7355 PINFLATS 888.9036 PLATTVIL 854.2665 PRESIDIO 1025.0298 PT REYES 1027.5281 PVERDES 1020.2778 QUINCY 897.4122 RICHMOND 1017.6532 ROBLED32 1007.4550 SAGARA 1002.6400 SANPAULA 1010.2264 SANTIA12 937.0019 SC-VLBA 994.8800 SEATTLE1 1043.2625 SESHAN25 1013.3407 SEST 774.8864 SHANGHAI 1012.1340 SINTOTU 1003.8890 SNDPOINT 1011.2705 SOURDOGH 952.7302 TIDBIN64 937.1552 TITIJIMA 1012.7039 TOULOUSE 1013.0025 TROMSONO 1001.7485 TRYSILNO 932.2366 TSUKUBA 1011.0706 URUMQI 798.9826 USSURISK 993.4937 USUDA64 847.8439 VERNAL 851.8669 VICTORIA 1025.1324 VLA 788.5615 VNDNBERG 1008.3600 WESTFORD 1005.9516 WETTZELL 946.1236 WHTHORSE 931.0909 YAKATAGA 1018.9455 YEBES 907.5895 YELLOWKN 986.8436 YLOW7296 987.1935 YUMA 979.1090 SYOWA 921.6600